Genótipos de feijão respondem ao nitrogênio de forma diferenciada, de acordo com a disponibilidade deste nutriente. Assim, objetivou-se, com este trabalho, selecionar genótipos de feijoeiro, quanto à eficiência e resposta à absorção de nitrogênio. Os tratamentos envolveram doze genótipos cultivados em dois ambientes distintos, um simulando baixo nível (20 kg ha-1) e outro alto nível (120 kg ha-1) de nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados a produtividade de grãos, para classificação das cultivares quanto à eficiência no uso e resposta à aplicação de nitrogênio, e índices de clorofila, com o uso de clorofilômetro. Os genótipos de feijão BRS-Grafite e Princesa foram eficientes, quanto à utilização da adubação nitrogenada, e responsivos à aplicação de nitrogênio. Plantas de feijoeiro conduzidas com adequado suprimento de nitrogênio apresentaram maiores índices de clorofila (a, b e total).
Soil management can negatively affect soil quality impairing its functionality. One of the possible ways to assess soils is through the use of biochemical indicators. In this study, the aim of this study was to determine how soil management and use interfere with organic carbon, carbon in biomass and microbial activity, as well as with the acid phosphatase activity of an Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado. Five soil uses and management systems were used as treatments: no-tillage, coffee plantation, banana plantation, pasture, and native vegetation. Soil samples were collected at four different times: August, September, October, and November. Reductions in the concentrations of total organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and acid phosphatase activity were observed with management and use of soil under no-tillage, pasture, coffee plantation, and banana plantation in relation to native vegetation. The soil under pasture showed lower reductions in biochemical characteristics compared to the other land uses and managements studied. The practice of fallow in the no-tillage area promoted reductions in microbial biomass carbon, acid phosphatase activity and soil organic carbon, but increased the metabolic quotient, demonstrating that this management is not appropriate for this type of soil. RESUMO: O manejo do solo pode afetar negativamente a sua qualidade, prejudicando a sua funcionalidade. Uma das formas de se avaliarem suas características é por meio do uso de indicadores bioquímicos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a interferência do uso e do manejo do solo sobre o teor de carbono orgânico e do carbono na biomassa, e na atividade microbiana, bem como na atividade da fosfatase ácida de Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico no Cerrado. Cinco usos e sistemas de manejo do solo foram utilizados como tratamento: lavoura em plantio direto; cafezal; bananal; pastagem, e cerrado nativo. O solo foi amostrado em quatro épocas diferentes: agosto, setembro, outubro e novembro. Reduções nas concentrações de carbono orgânico total e de carbono da biomassa microbiana, e na atividade da fosfatase ácida foram verificadas com o manejo e o uso do solo sob lavoura, pastagem, café e banana, em relação ao cerrado nativo. O solo sob pastagem apresentou menores reduções nos atributos bioquímicos em relação às demais áreas cultivadas. A adoção de pousio na área de lavoura promoveu reduções no carbono da biomassa microbiana, na atividade da fosfatase ácida e no carbono orgânico do solo, e aumento de quociente metabólico, demonstrando não ser o manejo adequado para este solo. Organic carbon, biomass and microbial activity in an Oxisol under different management systems Carbono orgânico, biomassa e atividade microbiana em Latossolo Vermelho de cerrado sob diferentes usos e manejo
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to Cerrado, associated with the application of colonization stimulant (7-hydroxy, 4’-methoxy-isoflavone) at the initial growth of cotton and maize plants in a greenhouse. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design and 7x2 factorial scheme, with five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and combined inoculation (uniting all species in equal proportion) and native fungi, in the presence and absence of colonization stimulant in maize and cotton crops. Shoots dry matter (SDM), roots dry matter (RDM), mycorrhizal colonization and accumulation of calcium, zinc and phosphorus in the SDM were evaluated at flowering. Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the use of colonization stimulant at low density of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagules was beneficial to plant development. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi demonstrated different effects for the various parameters evaluated in cotton and maize, and the application of colonization stimulant promoted higher mycorrhizal colonization and initial growth in cotton, when associated with native AMF, and in corn, when associated with inoculation with Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita and Rhizophagus clarus.
The adoption of biological resources in agriculture may allow less dependence and better use of finite resources. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi native to the Brazilian Savannah associated with the application of mycorrhizal stimulant (7-hydroxy, 4'-methoxy-isoflavone), in the early growth of common bean and soybean. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with a 7 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species, joint inoculation (junction of all species in equal proportions) and native fungi (without inoculation), in the presence and absence of stimulant. The following traits were evaluated: shoot dry matter, root dry matter, mycorrhizal colonization, nodules dry matter and accumulation of calcium, zinc and phosphorus in the shoot dry matter. The increase provided by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the use of stimulant reached over 200 % in bean and over 80 % in soybean plants. The fungi Acaulospora scrobiculata, Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora margarita and Rhizophagus clarus, for bean, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Dentiscutata heterogama, Rhizophagus clarus and the joint inoculation, for soybean, increased the dry matter and nutrients accumulation.
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