Satellite networks have traditionally been considered for specific purposes. Recently, new satellite technologies have been pushed to the market enabling highperformance satellite access networks. On the other hand, network architectures are taking advantages from emerging technologies such as Software-Defined Networking (SDN), network virtualization and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). Therefore, benefiting communications services over satellite networks from these new technologies at first, and their seamless integration with terrestrial networks at second, are of great interest and importance. In this paper, and through comprehensive use cases, the advantages of introducing network programmability and virtualization using SDN and/or NFV in satellite networks are investigated. The requirements to be fulfilled in each use case are also discussed.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) prevails as the next 4 th generation of mobile communications. Hybrid satellite and terrestrial LTE network takes advantages from the large satellite coverage for several emergency applications, such as providing civil security communications. In this paper we propose a LTE architecture partly composed of an integrated component with satellite backhaul on the LTE-S1 interface. Since ensuring seamless communications is essential in LTE, we describe an optimization of the handover mechanism adapted to this specific architecture. This paper focuses on the handover between an eNB with a satellite S1 interface and an eNB with a standard terrestrial S1 interface.
Satellite systems will complement terrestrial networks where the network could not be deployed for technical or economical reasons. Moreover, the natural broadcasting capacity of satellite networks makes it a good companion to terrestrial networks. Then, future services will be deployed over networks that combine terrestrial and satellite systems. The infrastructure heterogeneity could be problematic, for instance because of the delays variety. This article presents the problem from the point of view of the transport layer, the layer directly connected to the application, and compares several solutions to help future service developers using such network configuration.
Mobile Ad-hoc Network, associated with satellite connectivity, is a promising solution to provide communication for safety professionals where the standard terrestrial network is not available. Since satellite links are throughput and delay constrained, load distribution is a key mechanism in order to meet safety requirements. As a consequence, this paper presents a load balancing mechanism which distributes traffics among different satellite gateways of a mobile ad-hoc network. The principle is based on the OLSR routing protocol and relies on the correspondence between satellite gateway load and the size of the cluster served by this gateway. The specificity of the proposed mechanism is to tailor the load balancing procedure to the satellite parameters. Besides, the principle is very simple and the complexity lies in the additional mechanisms that limit untoward aftermath of load balancing with inappropriate scenarios.
Long Term Evolution tends to become the next generation of civil security networks. In order to meet the safety user requirements, preference is given to an integrated satellite and terrestrial architecture. It provides a widespread connectivity built on the large satellite coverage. In this paper, we focus our works on the real behavior of TCP protocols, implemented in on-the-shelf devices, during a handover within the hybrid architecture. We aim to improve an optimized handover procedure by taking into account the real implementations that differ from simulation tools and RFCs. In order to highlight and solve the problematic behaviors of TCP protocol due to a S1 handover with an SGW and MME relocation, a test is set up with Linux virtual machines for TCP application linked to a NS3 LTE network simulatior.
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