Background Given the increasing number and the diversity of dietary quality indices used for research, and the differences between settings, there is a need to identify valid indices of dietary quality in different contexts and populations and to identify their associations with health-related outcomes. Objectives The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify the tools used in determining dietary quality among First Nations and to describe the changes in diet. The second objective is to describe the associations identified in studies that have measured the relationship between health and dietary quality among First Nations; and the third objective is to identify factors associated with diet quality. Methods PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health, and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021 and updated in February 2022. Articles were included if the research subjects were First Nations, or if articles reported disaggregated subset data for First Nations. Eligible studies focused on nutrition and diet and were published in English or French. Results A total of 151 articles were included in the analysis. Studies used several indicators to measure if individuals adhered to dietary guidelines. Traditional food consumption was frequently used as an indicator of diet quality (n = 96). The consumption of store-bought foods was used as an indicator in 28 studies. Some studies used other diet quality indicators such as the Healthy Eating Index (n = 5) and ultra-processed food “NOVA” classification (n = 6). A trend for decreasing traditional food intake over time was apparent, alongside an increase in store-bought food intake. This trend was accompanied with declining health status, including the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity, diabetes, metabolic diseases, and dental caries. Conclusion This scoping review showed that diet quality among First Nations is improved when traditional foods are consumed. Reduced diet quality was associated with increased risk of noncommunicable diseases.
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and is a priority for researchers and policy makers. Approximately 340 million children and adolescents were obese or overweight in 2016. To overcome the epidemic of obesity, influencing factors throughout the lifespan need to be addressed, including those in the preconception period. Gaining an understanding of paternal preconception factors associated with childhood obesity is important for public health interventions. OBJECTIVE This systematic review examines the relationship between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviours and their offspring’s obesity and body weight. METHODS This review will follow the 2020 Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-2020). Observational studies investigating paternal preconception obesity and health behaviours, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep, psychological stress, exercise, and eating habits, and its relationship with childhood obesity and overweight will be included. Studies obtained from a specific search strategy, conducted in seven databases, will be exported to a reference management software. At least two independent researchers will conduct study selection, data extraction and management, and quality assessment. A descriptive synthesis will be used to report relevant findings from each paternal preconception exposure. RESULTS This systematic review will begin in September 2021 and is expected to be completed by the end of June 2022. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review will provide valuable insights into the relationship between preconception paternal exposures and children’s obesity and body weight. Findings will also help support health professionals working with families during the preconception period.
Background Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and is a priority for researchers and policy makers. To overcome the epidemic of obesity, influencing factors throughout the life span need to be addressed, including those in the preconception period. A better understanding of the association between paternal preconception factors and childhood obesity is important for public health interventions. Objective This systematic review will examine the relationship between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Methods Peer-reviewed quantitative studies and grey literature that report associations between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors—such as smoking, exercise, and eating habits—and childhood overweight and obesity will be identified through a computerized literature search in 7 databases. The quality of each study will be assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Characteristics of the included studies will be reported, and relevant findings from each paternal preconception exposure will be narratively synthesized. This review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. Results This systematic review is anticipated to begin in December 2021 and be completed by the end of August 2022. Conclusions This systematic review will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between preconception paternal exposures and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Findings will help support health professionals working with prospective parents to educate fathers on the benefits of improving their weight and health behaviors during the preconception period. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31254
Obesity, a major risk factor in numerous pathologies, poses a public health problem. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the risk of overweight, overweight and obesity, as well as to identify and analyze the risk factors for weight gain among children in Miramichi in New Brunswick's Horizon Health Network (HHN). This descriptive cross-sectional study was done between 2009 and 2014. The study population was composed of 335 children (185 boys and 150 girls) ages 0 to 42 months and their parents. Overweight and obesity were determined according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria adapted for Canada. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of risk for overweight is 21% at birth as opposed to 55% at 42 months (both sexes together), and the prevalence of risk for overweight including obesity affects 11.8% of children, that is, 12.7% of boys as opposed to 10.94% of girls (p < 0.0001). The prevalence among boys is 1.2 times that among girls. This study also reveals that at 42 months, the average prevalence of obesity is 6.5% (8% for boys and 5% for girls). The mothers of overweight children have a higher post-pregnancy BMI (32.78 ± 4.16 kg/m 2 ) than do the mothers of children who are a healthy weight (26.17 ± 7.90 kg/m 2 ) (p < 0.0001). Moreover, 29.7% of children are overweight when both parents are overweight compared to 14.97% when both parents are a healthy weight (p < 0.05). This means that children are twice as likely to be overweight when both parents are overweight compared to children whose parents are a healthy weight. OtherHow to cite this paper: Dako, E., Anin Atchibri, L., Mobetty, F., Belbraouet, S., Tchadieu Tchapya, G. and Villalon, L. 335wise, only 17% of the 335 children assessed in this study were breastfed and started on solid foods in accordance with the WHO recommendations. This study clearly shows that overweight is associated with sex, birth weight, parental obesity, maternal breastfeeding and the age of introduction of solid foods. The prevalence and identification of risk factors for overweight and infant obesity used to screen at-risk children will have the advantage of allowing adapted prevention strategies to be established.
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