Purpose:To evaluate the inflammatory response of rabbit bone after insertion of titanium screws under different torque values. Methods: Four holes were made in the back tibia of fifteen New Zealand male albino rabbits; three screws were placed in each animal and a control hole remained without a screw. The screws were inserted with 0, 5 or 10 N.cm of torque. The animals were assigned to five groups according to the day of sacrifice after surgery (2, 7, 14, 21 or 42 days). The inflammatory cells and the thickness of the bone tissue around the screws was count. Results: The screws were associated with a larger number of inflammatory cells when compared to the control hole. There was no statistically significant difference when several comparisons were made among the groups with different torque intensity. Conclusions: The histological changes were not statistically significant. There was a trend toward an increase in inflammatory cells found in local bone tissue surrounding the titanium screws installed with the highest torque. There was a tendency toward the formation of a lower thickness of tissue surrounding those bone screws that were inserted with higher torque. Key words: Torque. Bone Screws. Bone Remodeling. Rabbits. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar em variados períodos de tempo a resposta inflamatória do tecido ósseo de coelhos nos quais foram instalados parafusos de titânio com variadas intensidades de torque. Métodos: 15 coelhos Nova Zelândia receberam três parafusos de titânio instalados em cada tíbia traseira e uma perfuração sem parafuso. Foram inseridos os parafusos com 0, 5 e 10 N.cm de torque. A eutanásia ocorreu 2, 7, 14, 21 e 42 dias pós-operatórios e foram analisados a em microscopia óptica a quantidade de células inflamatórias e espessura do tecido ósseo formado. Resultados: Observou-se que a presença de parafusos apresentou uma quantidade significantemente maior de células inflamatórias quando comparado às perfurações controle. Houve um aumento na formação de tecido ósseo adjacente aos parafusos dos grupos 14, 21 e 42 dias quando comparados aos demais. Conclusões: Quanto maiores foram os torques de instalação dos parafusos de titânio, maiores foram as quantidades de células inflamatórias locais observadas nos tecidos ósseos circundantes e que com o passar dos períodos de tempo, foram diminuindo gradativamente. As espessuras de tecidos ósseos formadas observadas ao redor dos parafusos inseridos foram proporcionalmente menores quando a intensidade dos torques aplicados foram cada vez maiores. Descritores: Torque. Parafusos Ósseos. Remodelação Óssea. Coelhos.
Approximately 5% of 1-year-old children have prominent ears. The most common findings are underdevelopment or lack of the antihelical fold, overdevelopment of the concha, a scapha-conchal angle greater than 130 degrees, and a protruding lobule. This study compared the cephaloauricular and scaphaconchal angles of 15 patients with prominent ears and 15 patients in a control group. Alginate was used to create a mold of each patient's right ear. Afterward the molds were cut transversally for measurement of the angles. The first cut was made at the middle of the ear's cephalocaudal length. The second cut was made in the superior piece midway between the first cut and the superior extremity of the ear. The cephaloauricular angle was defined as the intersection of a straight line running through the tragus insertion and the lateral portion of the mastoid region with a straight line that running through the tragus and the middle of the helix. The scaphaconchal angle was obtained in the second cut by measurement of the angles formed by these two structures molded in the posterior aspect of the ear. The Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. The average cephaloauricular angle was 47.7 degrees for the study group and 31.1 degrees for the control group. The average scaphaconchal angle was 132.6 degrees for the study group and 106.7 degrees for the control group. This study presents a new method for evaluating the angles of the ear, confirming that both measured angles (cephaloauricular and scaphaconchal) are greater in patients with prominent ears (p < 0.005).
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