Comprehending the in-depth functioning of a voltage transformer beyond the trivial voltage ratio, generally deducted from the application of Faraday’s law to an open secondary circuit, can be quite challenging for both students and teachers. In this paper, the authors propose an approach that uses Faraday’s and Ohm’s laws alone to derive an electric equivalent circuit for a transformer, with which is possible to accurately explain and predict currents and voltages in its primary and secondary coils under different load resistors connected to the secondary. The authors intend to use a common real-world application as motivation for students to learn Faraday’s law in the context of a modelling and simulation framework, which consists of deriving a model from fundamental physical laws that, after experimental validation, is capable of accurately predicting and explaining a complex phenomenon.
This article presents a complete modeling and simulation framework for a simple resonant inductive coupling circuit, composed of a pair of inductive resonators that can wirelessly transfer about 60 W of power at a distance of approximately 15 cm. The circuit was physically implemented, and the transmitting coil was powered by a simple half-bridge electronic circuit that generated a square voltage signal. Measurements were compared to simulation results, and it was found that the proposed model could accurately explain and predict the behavior of the circuit. Our results show that optimum transfer of power varies according to the load values, the frequency and the distance between the transmitter and receiver, which can vary considerably depending on the application. Simulations using AC circuit analysis helped in depicting the behavior of the circuit under this kind of variability, and in characterizing the presence of the optimum points for power transfer, although these were attained at lower efficiency. The present analysis paves the way for further investigations using control theory to track the frequencies at which maximum power is delivered for each set of variables, i.e., the distance between the resonators and the load value.
This paper aims the development of calculation models in order to make for the impact evaluation of disturbing loads. The disturbing loads considered are: induction motor, x-ray device, welding machine and electric arc furnace. On the induction motor case, it was developed an evolutionary algorithm to obtain its equivalent circuit parameters through the nameplate data.
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