Lightweight materials are getting critically important for weight-saving engineering and biomedical sectors. The use of these materials is getting increasingly important for sustainable planet earth and human comfort. Aluminum and magnesium are two lightweight materials that are of paramount importance for engineers and material selectors. Efforts have been made in past few decades to evolve these two principal elements so that they can cater to a wider spectrum of applications. Composite technology utilizing micron length scale reinforcement was used actively in the past century to realize properties beyond the common alloying technique to enhance certain properties such as elastic modulus, strength, wear and damping response. With the advent of nanotechnology in the late 1990s, researchers worldwide started to use reinforcements at nano-length scale (<100 nm). The resultant nanocomposites exhibited superior combination of properties when compared to micro-composites with significantly reduced weight penalty. In view of significantly different response of elemental matrix in the presence of reinforcement at nano-length scale, it was realized by authors to put together current level of understanding of aluminum and magnesium based nanocomposites. It is hoped that this book will serve as a useful reference for students, teachers, engineers, and researchers to gain understanding of these fascinating materials.
In the work, the feasibility of using atmospheric pressure non‐equilibrium plasmas to clean the surface of a deteriorated 19th century daguerreotype has been examined and a proof‐of‐principle demonstration is given. The daguerreotype was treated by means of both a commercial plasma jet source (kINPen 09, Neoplas Tools GmbH) and a specially designed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma source operated within a controlled volume at atmospheric pressure, by using a argon‐hydrogen gas mixture (H2 content: 35% vol.) to remove corrosion products, without immersion of the substrate in solvents or chemicals. The effectiveness of plasma treatment in removing tarnishing products while preventing damage to the fragile image has been evaluated analysing the surface by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive microprobe (EDS) for localized elemental analysis, micro‐Raman and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy for phase identification.
Femtosecond laser-based Nonlinear Laser Lithography (NLL) was applied to AISI 316L stainless steel, which requires surface modification to achieve satisfactory tribological behaviour. NLL advances over the well-known Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) in terms of uniformity and long-range order of high speeds, over large areas. A galvanometric scanner head was used for an high production rate. Dry and lubricated sliding tests, considering different orientations of the nanotexture showed that COF values after NLL treatment are significantly lower. In lubricated tests, COF values of NLL-treated surfaces are nearly half the values of untreated surfaces, whereas the difference further increases when measured in dry conditions, where the orientation of the surface texturing influences the results
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