CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Pedicled flaps play an important role in cancer treatment centers, particularly in developing and emerging countries. The aim of this study was to identify factors that may cause complications and influence the final result from reconstructions using pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps (PMMFs) for head and neck defect repair following cancer resection. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional study at the Hospital de Ensino Padre Anchieta of Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC). METHODS:Data on 58 patients who underwent head and neck defect reconstruction using PMMFs were reviewed. The final result from the reconstruction (success or failure) and the complications observed were evaluated in relation to the patients' ages, area reconstructed, disease stage, previous oncological treatment and need for blood transfusion.RESULTS: There were no total flap losses. The reconstruction success rate was 93.1%. Flap-related complications occurred in 43.1% of the cases, and half of them were considered major. Most of the complications were successfully treated. Defects originating in the hypopharynx were correlated with the development of major complications (P = 0.02) and with reconstruction failure (P < 0.001). Previous oncological treatment negatively influenced the reconstruction success (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS:Since the risk factors for developing major complications and reconstruction failure are known, it is important to heed the technical details and provide careful clinical support for patients in a more critical condition, so that better results from using PMMFs can be obtained.RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Retalhos pediculados têm grande importância nos centros de tratamento do câncer, principalmente em países emergentes e em desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fatores que determinam complicações e influenciam no resultado final das reconstruções com retalho miocutâneo de peitoral maior (RMPM) no reparo de defeitos cirúrgicos por ressecções de cânceres de cabeça e pescoço. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Hospital de Ensino Padre Anchieta da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC.MÉTODOS: Dados de 58 pacientes submetidos a reconstruções de defeitos de cabeça e pescoço com RMPM foram revisados. O resultado final da reconstrução (sucesso ou falha) e as complicações observadas foram avaliados de acordo com a idade do paciente, área reconstruída, estágio da doença, tratamento oncológico prévio e necessidade de transfusão sanguínea.RESULTADOS: Não houve perda total de retalho. A taxa de sucesso da reconstrução foi de 93,1%. Complicações relacionadas ao retalho ocorreram em 43,1% dos casos e 50% delas foram considerados como complicações maiores. A maioria das complicações foi tratada com sucesso. Os defeitos originados da hipofaringe relacionaram-se com o desenvolvimento de complicações maiores (P = 0,02) e falhas na reconstrução (P < 0,001). Tratamento oncológico prévio influenciou negativamente no sucesso da reconstrução (P = 0,04).CONCLUSÕES: Como os fatores de risco...

The aim is to determine if tumor thickness is a risk factor related to the development of early recurrences in surgically treated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Retrospective cohort study conducted at Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP). Fifty-seven patients with oral cavity SCC (excluding lip tumors and patients previously submitted to any treatment) were analyzed regarding the occurrence of an early disease progression (locoregional or distant metastasis) within the first 12 months after initial treatment. Tumor thickness and other histological characteristics related to the development of recurrence up to 1 year after treatment were tested. Results demonstrated that tumor thickness greater than 10 mm (P = 0.034), as well as angiolymphatic invasion (P = 0.001), perineural invasion (P = 0.041) and lymph-node metastasis (P = 0.021) was associated with a worse 12-month disease-free survival (Log-Rank test). In multivariate analysis, tumor thickness greater than 10 mm emerged as an independent risk factor for early recurrence in oral cavity tumors (HR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.005-11.690; P = 0.049--Cox regression). Post-operative radiotherapy seems to be a protective factor for early recurrences in patients with tumor thickness greater than 10 mm (P = 0.017--Log-Rank test; HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.12-0.87, P = 0.026--Cox regression). The results of the present research suggest that tumor thickness greater than 10 mm may be an independent adverse factor for early progression of surgically treated oral cavity SCC. Adjuvant therapies, in particular post-operative radiotherapy, should be advocated in this group of patients, regardless of the co-existence of other well-described histological risk factors.

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2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1113-1119, 2018.

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Metastatic disease rate was similar to that found in the literature. Perineural and angiolymphatic invasion and tumor thickness were associated with occult metastasis, but only angiolymphatic invasion showed to be an independent risk factor.

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) diverges geographically. The reliability of using p16INK4a expression as a marker of viral infection is controversial in HNSCC. We evaluated HPV types and HPV-16 variants prevalence, and p16INK4a expression in HNSCC specimens provided by two different Institutions in São Paulo.MethodsHPV DNA from formalin-fixed specimens was accessed by Inno-LiPA, HPV-16 variants by PCR-sequencing, and p16INK4a protein levels by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOverall, HPV DNA was detected among 19.4 % of the specimens (36/186). Viral prevalence was higher in the oral cavity (25.0 %, 23/92) then in other anatomical sites (oropharynx 14,3 %, larynx 13.7 %) when samples from both Institutions were analyzed together. HPV prevalence was also higher in the oral cavity when samples from both Institutions were analyzed separately. HPV-16 was the most prevalent type identified in 69.5 % of the HPV positive smaples and specimens were assigned into Asian-American (57.2 %) or European (42.8 %) phylogenetic branches. High expression of p16INK4a was more common among HPV positive tumors.ConclusionOur results support a role for HPV-16 in a subset of HNSCC.

Smoking and alcoholism maintenance rates are high after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is treated, especially if we consider smoking in patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation. A more effective multidisciplinary approach is required in order to obtain better rates of tobacco and alcohol quitting, especially in patients undergoing non-surgical treatments.