Although fair exchange protocols are being widely implemented, there are few formal methods able to verify them. This work introduces the strand spaces method for verifying certified mail delivery protocols, a subclass of fair exchange protocols. Three fair exchange properties are verified: effectiveness, verifiability of TTP and timeliness. For effectiveness and verifiability we used the FPH protocol [Ferrer-Gomila et al. 2000]; for timeliness we use the ZDB protocol [Zhou et al. 1999]. We show that strand spaces can be applied to fair exchange protocols, and present an additional attack to the FPH protocol which was not previously reported.
In this work we use our proposed adaptation of the strand spaces method in the analysis of a fair exchange protocol for payment, proposed in [Zuo and Li 2005]. The protocol fails to provide timeliness and fairness to the buyer (Downloader), and four previously unreported attacks are traced regarding those properties. This is a continuation of the work started in [Piva et al. 2006].
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