Purpose: This paper explores how characteristics of decision-makers influence internationalization strategies within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with a particular focus on the strategic decision-making process (SDMP).\ud Design/methodology/approach: This work is based on a sample of 165 decision-makers of SMEs, using hierarchical multiple regression to examine the relationship between the dimensions studied.\ud Findings: The results of a regression analysis suggest that decision-makers tend to follow a more rational SDMP depending on their education level and risk attitude, and the firm’s past international performance. At the same time, the political behaviour of the decision-maker emerges as a character associated with their risk attitude and need for achievement, and it is negatively influenced by age.\ud Originality/value: This research contributes to the growing literature on SMEs, combining the field of analysis of SDMP with that of international strategy. Moreover, unlike previous studies, which have focused on the top management team, managers, CEOs, or entrepreneurs, this study analyses the characteristics and behaviour of decision-makers.\ud Keywords: international strategic decision, small and medium-sized enterprises, SME, strategic decision-making process, internationalization, decision-maker, rationality, political behaviour\ud Paper type: Research pape
The coalgebra approach to the construction of classical integrable systems from Poisson coalgebras is reviewed, and the essential role played by symplectic realizations in this framework is emphasized. Many examples of Hamiltonians with either undeformed or q-deformed coalgebra symmetry are given, and their Liouville superintegrability is discussed. Among them, (quasi-maximally) superintegrable systems on N -dimensional curved spaces of nonconstant curvature are analysed in detail. Further generalizations of the coalgebra approach that make use of comodule and loop algebras are presented. The generalization of such a coalgebra symmetry framework to quantum mechanical systems is straightforward.
Objectives Results Measurement of HSD showed high intraobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)= 0 .995; 95% CI, 95% CI,
The quantum duality principle is used to obtain explicitly the Poisson analogue of the κ-(A)dS quantum algebra in (3+1) dimensions as the corresponding Poisson-Lie structure on the dual solvable Lie group. The construction is fully performed in a kinematical basis and deformed Casimir functions are also explicitly obtained. The cosmological constant Λ is included as a Poisson-Lie group contraction parameter, and the limit Λ → 0 leads to the well-known κ-Poincaré algebra in the bicrossproduct basis. A twisted version with Drinfel'd double structure of this κ-(A)dS deformation is sketched. PACS: 02.20.Uw 04.60.-m KEYWORDS: anti-de Sitter, cosmological constant, quantum groups, Poisson-Lie groups, Lie bialgebras, quantum duality principle.techniques [17,18]. One of the main features of the κ-Poincaré quantum algebra (which is the Hopf algebra dual to the quantum Poincaré group, and is defined as a deformation of the Poincaré algebra in terms of the dimensionful parameter κ) consists in its associated deformed second-order Casimir, which leads to a modified energy-momentum dispersion relation. From the phenomenological side, this type of deformed dispersion relations have been proposed as possible experimentally testable footprints of quantum gravity effects in very different contexts (see [19,20,21] and references therein).Moreover, if the interplay between quantum spacetime and gravity at cosmological distances is to be modeled, then the curvature of spacetime cannot be neglected and models with nonvanishing cosmological constant have to be considered [22,23,24,25]. Thus, the relevant kinematical groups (and spacetimes) would be the (anti-)de Sitter ones, hereafter (A)dS, and the construction of quantum (A)dS groups should be faced. In (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions, the corresponding κ-deformations have been constructed [26,27] (see also [28,29,30] for classification approaches). In fact, it is worth stressing that the κ-(A)dS deformation introduced in [27] was proposed in [31] as the algebra of symmetries for (2+1) quantum gravity (see also [32]), and compatibility conditions imposed by the Chern-Simons approach to (2+1) gravity have been recently used [33] in order to identify certain privileged (A)dS quantum deformations [34] (among them, the twisted κ-(A)dS algebra [35,36,37,38]).Concerning (3+1) dimensions, we recall that in the papers [13,14,15,16] the κ-Poincaré algebra was obtained as a contraction of the Drinfel'd-Jimbo quantum deformation [6,39] of the so(3, 2) and so(4, 1) Lie algebras, by starting from the latter written in the Cartan-Weyl or Cartan-Chevalley basis, and then obtaining suitable real forms of the corresponding quantum complex simple Lie algebras. However, to the best of our knowledge, no explicit expression of the (3+1) κ-(A)dS algebras in a kinematical basis (rotations J, boosts K, translations P ) and including the cosmological constant Λ has been presented so far, thus preventing the appropriate physical analysis of the interplay between Λ and the quantum deformation. Moreover, explicit e...
Objective To compare longitudinal changes in angle of progression (AoP)
An integrable generalization on the two-dimensional sphere S 2 and the hyperbolic plane H 2 of the Euclidean anisotropic oscillator Hamiltonian with 'centrifugal' terms given byis presented. The resulting generalized Hamiltonian H κ depends explicitly on the constant Gaussian curvature κ of the underlying space, in such a way that all the results here presented hold simultaneously for S 2 (κ > 0), H 2 (κ < 0) and E 2 (κ = 0). Moreover, H κ is explicitly shown to be integrable for any values of the parameters δ, Ω, λ 1 and λ 2 . Therefore, H κ can also be interpreted as an anisotropic generalization of the curved Higgs oscillator, that is recovered as the isotropic limit Ω → 0 of H κ . Furthermore, numerical integration of some of the trajectories for H κ are worked out and the dynamical features arising from the introduction of a curved background are highlighted.The superintegrability issue for H κ is discussed by focusing on the value Ω = 3δ, which is one of the cases for which the Euclidean Hamiltonian H is known to be superintegrable (the 1:2 oscillator). We show numerically that for Ω = 3δ the curved Hamiltonian H κ presents nonperiodic bounded trajectories, which seems to indicate that H κ provides a non-superintegrable generalization of H even for values of Ω that lead to commensurate frequencies in the Euclidean case. We compare this result with a previously known superintegrable curved analogue H κ of the 1:2 Euclidean oscillator, which is described in detail, showing that the Ω = 3δ specialization of H κ does not coincide with H κ . Hence we conjecture that H κ would be an integrable (but not superintegrable) curved generalization of the anisotropic oscillator that exists for any value of Ω and has constants of the motion that are quadratic in the momenta. Thus each commensurate Euclidean oscillator could admit another specific superintegrable curved Hamiltonian which would be different from H κ and endowed with higher order integrals. Finally, the geometrical interpretation of the curved 'centrifugal' terms appearing in H κ is also discussed in detail.MSC: 37J35 70H06 14M17 22E60
Objective To evaluate the role of the brainstem-vermis (BV) and brainstem-tentorium (BT) angles in the differential diagnosis of upward rotation of the fetal cerebellar vermis. Methods
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