A cromatografia gasosa bidimensional abrangente acoplada à espectrometria de massas por tempo de vôo (CG×CG-EMTDV) foi aplicada para avaliar o efeito do CO 2 sobre a distribuição dos n-alcanos, alcanos ramificados, alquenos e compostos oxigenados em produtos da reação de Fischer-Tropsch. Coeluições de material não resolvido observadas em CG convencional foram resolvidas por CG×CG-EMTDV. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) was applied to evaluate the CO 2 effect on distribution of n-alkanes, branched alkanes, alkenes and oxygen-containing compounds in Fischer-Tropsch products. GC × GC-TOFMS was able to resolve the unresolved compounds observed in conventional GC.
Some deepwater Offshore reservoir contain fluids with high Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR) and CO2 content, presenting also a high productivity index (PI) like the ones found in Brazilian Presalt area. All these leads to large production facilities with complex gas processing section, thus constraining the oil processing and storage capacities. In these scenarios, the application of the HISEPTM, a high pressure, dense phase separation technology patented by PETROBRAS enhances production by promptly enabling the separation and reinjection of a major fraction of this CO2-rich associated gas on the seabed as a dense fluid, hence reducing the need for large gas processing plant in the topside, which in turn extends the oil production plateau and accelerates the production.
Towards a future with more renewable energy, oil and gas (O&G) will still play a major role in the energy and mobility sectors. Therefore, scientists must also investigate ways to mitigate carbon emissions in O&G production. In this sense, a power hub with local generation can be employed in offshore production sites to allow the adoption of more efficient power generation technologies without the weight and space constraints that exist in usual Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) platforms. This power hub can be connected to the FPSOs forming an isolated offshore power grid that requires further study. This work investigates stability issues of such offshore power networks. Simulations of a system composed by the power hub and three identical FPSO units were performed in PSCAD, and the stability of the system was validated according to the IEC 61892-1 standard. Results demonstrate that it is possible to operate such system with a stable and secure supply. The main contributions of this work are the electrical modeling of the power hub and of the resulting isolated offshore electrical grid, and a detailed discussion of the rising challenges and the required models for dynamic electrical studies.
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