Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the anterior segment, in particular corneal OCT, has become a reliable tool for the cornea specialist, as it provides the acquisition of digital images at high resolution with a noncontact technology. In penetrating or lamellar keratoplasties, OCT can be used to assess central corneal thickness and pachymetry maps, as well as precise measurements of deep stromal opacities, thereby guiding the surgeon to choose the best treatment option. OCT has also been used to evaluate the keratoplasty postoperative period, for early identification of possible complications, such as secondary glaucoma or donor disc detachments in endothelial keratoplasties. Intraoperatively, OCT can be used to assess stromal bed regularity and transparency in anterior lamellar surgeries, especially for those techniques in which a bare Descemet's membrane is the goal. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the role of OCT as a diagnostic tool in various types of keratoplasties.

Purpose To present a case series of patients that developed Urrets-Zavalia syndrome (UZS) after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for treating keratoconus and discuss the mechanisms for the syndrome. Materials and methods Retrospective chart analysis of patients who developed UZS after DALK at the Cornea Unit, Hospital São Geraldo, Federal University of Minas Gerais. Results We present a series of 3 patients with features consistent with UZS, after undergoing DALK. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was noted in the early postoperative period in 2 cases, despite the fact that the other case reported eye pain, headache, and nausea at the night after the surgery with undocumented IOP. Although at different extents, the pupil remained atrophic and dilated in all 3 eyes, and 2 of them developed anterior subcapsular cataract. Conclusion Iris ischemia resulting from occlusion of iris root vessels due to elevated IOP higher than diastolic blood pressure causes UZS. Elevated IOP should be monitored, especially in young patients with low diastolic blood pressure, in order to avoid the occurrence of the syndrome. How to cite this article Reis JRC, Diniz-Filho A, Rocha FM, Torquetti L. Pathogenesis of Fixed Dilated Pupil (Urrets-Zavalía Syndrome) after Deep Lamellar Keratoplasty in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):32-34.

RESUMOObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma visão abrangente dos transplantes endoteliais, explicando as técnicas realizadas atualmente, vantagens, desvantagens e os principais desafios de sua evolução. Métodos: Estudo descritivo das principais técnicas de transplante endotelial realizadas, com base nos principais artigos publicados sobre o tema. Resultados: Existe uma considerável evolução dos transplantes endoteliais nas últimas décadas. Dessa forma, o número de transplantes realizados apresenta um crescente. Apesar dos avanços e vantagens dos endoteliais, a avaliação da qualidade visual dos enxertos preparados ainda é um desafio. Conclusão: A análise da interface óptica dos transplantes endoteliais é um dos caminhos para o entendimento da variação da qualidade visual de pacientes submetidos a diferentes técnicas de preparo dos enxertos corneanos. Esta análise poderá ajudar a compreender resultados visuais insatisfatórios com os transplantes endoteliais, apesar do excelente resultado anatômico. ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to present a broad overview of endothelial transplants and outline the techniques currently used and the advantages, disadvantages, and main challenges of advancements in the procedure. Methods: A descriptive study on the most frequently used techniques for endothelial transplantation based on the main articles published on the topic. Results: There have been considerable advancements in endothelial transplants in recent decades. Thus, the number of transplants performed has increased. Despite these advances and the advantages of endothelial transplantation, the assessment of the visual quality of the grafts is yet a challenge. Conclusion: Analysis of the optical interface of endothelial transplants can be used to understand variations in visual quality experienced by patients who underwent different corneal graft preparation techniques. This analysis may aid in the understanding of unsatisfactory visual results after endothelial transplants, which may occur despite excellent anatomical results. RESUMENObjetivo: el objetivo de este estudio ha sido presentar una visión amplia de los trasplantes endoteliales, además de explicar las técnicas que se realizan en la actualidad, las ventajas, desventajas y los principales retos de su evolución. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de las principales técnicas de trasplante endotelial que se realizan, en base a los principales artículos que han publicado acerca del tema. Resultados: Ha habido una considerable evolución de los trasplantes endoteliales en las últimas décadas. De esa manera, el número de trasplantes realizados presenta un crecimiento. Pese a los avances y ventajas de los endoteliales, la evaluación de la calidad visual de los injertos preparados aun representa un desafío. Conclusión: El análisis de la interfaz óptica de los trasplantes endoteliales es uno de los caminos para la comprensión de la variación de la calidad visual de pacientes sometidos a diferentes técnicas de preparación de los injertos corneales. Este anális...

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