-The genetic diversity of 38 accessions of the genus Capsicum from the upper Rio Negro in the Amazon region was characterized by 51 morphologic descriptors. The similarity of the accessions was calculated based on 17 essential descriptors and on the general similarity coefficient of Gower. Grouping analyses and a dispersion diagram of the accessions were established based on the similarity coefficients using, respectively, the UPGMA method and the principal coordinate analysis (PCO) as criterion of grouping and dispersion. A great variation of classes were identified in the fruit traits: nine colors, four shapes and a great range of variation in
Visando quantificar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de componentes de produção sobre as variáveis tonelada de cana por hectare (TCH) e massa média de colmos (MMC) foram realizadas análises de trilha fenotípicas e genotípicas. Dezessete famílias híbridas foram avaliadas no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no Centro de Pesquisa e Melhoramento da Cana-de-Açúcar (CECA), da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com o plantio realizado em janeiro de 2000. Foram definidas como componentes de produção as variáveis: altura de colmos (AC), diâmetro de colmos (DC) e número de colmos (NC). As variáveis MMC e NC podem ser utilizadas na seleção indireta de famílias mais produtivas, uma vez que tiveram efeitos diretos positivos e elevados sobre TCH. Apesar de AC e DC estarem altamente correlacionadas com MMC, apenas DC mostrou elevado efeito genético direto sobre MMC, sendo uma variável importante a ser considerada na seleção indireta de famílias com maior massa média de colmos.
The objective of this research was to quantify the genetic divergence of potential Coffea canephora parents, with the goal of developing progenies that associate the best traits of the Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties for hybrid vigor expression. Thus, 10 morphological and productive characteristics of 130 clones of Conilon and Robusta botanical varieties and their intervarietal hybrids were evaluated over 2 years. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates of four plants per plot. For selection of parents, the main component analysis was used to associate values with reference points obtained from the average of each botanical variety. The first two principal components allowed for the separation of the botanical varieties representing the variability contained in the original data with 76% for the first year and 69% for the second year. Although, the genotype × years interaction had significant effects, there were minor differences in the grouping from one year to the next, which is associated with the higher repeatability estimates observed in this study. It was observed that crosses with the 16-1-81I, 9-1-82L, and 13-1-61I parents of the botanical variety Robusta and the 167I, 890E, and 130I parents of the Conilon botanical variety presented greater potential for obtaining selection gains.
RESUMO.No presente estudo, objetivou-se formar supercaracteres para seleção simultânea de variáveis relacionadas à produção e qualidade dos frutos em famílias de irmãos completos e, ou, meios-irmãos de maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). Avaliaram-se 113 famílias e 11 variáveis, no Delineamento I de Comostock e Robinson, em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A análise de fatores estabeleceu três supercaracteres: tamanho do fruto (TF), produtividade (PROD) e rendimento de indústria (RI). Para grande maioria das variáveis originais, foram verificados sinais de cargas fatoriais que refletem o verdadeiro sentido da seleção em programas de melhoramento de maracujá. Detectou-se variabilidade genética nos níveis hierárquicos de genitor masculino e genitoras femininas dentro de genitor masculino, nos supercaracteres TF, PROD e nas respectivas variáveis originais que os compuseram. O supercaractere RI não apresentou variabilidade em função da não-existência desta nas variáveis que o constituíram. Houve ganhos genéticos preditos, em sentido desejado, nas variáveis formadoras dos supercaracteres tamanho do fruto e produtividade. Portanto, estes podem ser utilizados na seleção simultânea de caracteres relacionados ao tamanho do fruto e à produtividade.Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, seleção simultânea, análise multivariada, melhoramento genético.ABSTRACT. Development of super-traits for selection of families of yellow passion fruit. This study aimed to establish super-traits for simultaneous selection of variables related to fruit yield and quality in full-sibs and/or half-sib families of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa). The Design I of Comstock and Robinson was used, in random blocks with three replications, to evaluate 113 families and 11 variables. Three super-traits were determined by factor analysis: fruit size (TF), productivity (PROD) and industry yield (RI). Signals of factorial charge reflected the true sense of selection in passion fruit breeding programs for most original variables. Genetic variability was detected at the hierarchical levels of male parent and female parent within the male parent for the super-traits TF, PROD and for the respective original variables that represented it. There was no variability in super-trait RI since it was absent in the variables that represented it. Genetic gains were obtained in the desired sense in the determinant variables of the super-traits fruit size and productivity. Consequently, these can be employed in the simultaneous selection of traits related to fruit size and productivity.
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