BACKGROUND AIMS Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbidities with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Alterations to the intestinal microbiome promote not only intestinal inflammation but also psychologic function. We studied the interactions between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and psychological outcomes in patients with IBD in Switzerland. METHODS We performed a prospective study of psychological comorbidities and quality of life (QoL) in 171 participants in the Swiss IBD Cohort Study with IBD in remission. Participants complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the 36-Item Short Form Survey, and the IBD QoL Questionnaire. Microbes were collected from intestinal biopsies and analyzed by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Microbiomes of patients with higher perceived stress had significantly lower alpha diversity. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with beta diversity. We found a negative correlation between psychological distress and abundance of Clostridia, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, and Betaand Gamma-proteobacteria. Psychological distress was also associated with decreases in operational taxonomic units from the lineages of Lachnospiraceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Bacteroidaceae families. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in patients with Crohn's disease and Desulfovibrio in patients with ulcerative colitis correlated with depression, whereas abundance of Sutterella, RF 32, and Lactococcus correlated with quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSIONS We identified correlations between the composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with IBD and remission, psychological well-being, and QoL. Further studies should investigate how intestinal inflammation, the microbiome, and microbial metabolites affect psychological well-being and whether these components are mono-or bi-directionally linked.
Zusammenfassung. Seit 2014 sind batteriebetriebene Tabak-Erhitzungssysteme auf dem Markt, die ein nikotinhaltiges Aerosol freisetzen, das einen inhalativen Tabakkonsum zulässt mit gemäss Hersteller deutlich reduzierter Schadstoffexposition im Vergleich zur Tabak-Zigarette. Der Hauptgrund für die reduzierte Schadstoffentwicklung sind niedrigere Temperaturen, wobei es offenbar zu keiner Verbrennung oder Rauchentstehung kommt. Trotzdem lassen sich krebserregende und andere Schadstoffe nachweisen, deren gesundheitliche Auswirkungen noch nicht bekannt sind. Die Hersteller der drei bisherigen Tabak-Erhitzungssysteme sind grosse Tabakkonzerne, die mit einem sogenannt reduzierten Risikoprodukt Passivrauchgesetze umgehen, eine niedrigere Besteuerung erreichen und das eigene Image verbessern möchten. Ob diese Produkte tatsächlich Zigaretten ersetzen werden, zu gesundheitlichen Vorteilen führen und als rauchfrei angesehen werden können, muss noch geklärt werden. Ärztlich sollten diese Produkte nicht empfohlen werden.
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