Glioblastoma stands out as the most frequent central nervous system neoplasia, presenting a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to verify the frequency and clinical significance of the aneuploidy of chromosomes 7 and 10, EGFR amplification, PTEN and TP53 deletions and 1p/19q deficiency in adult patients diagnosed with glioblastoma. The sample consisted of 40 patients treated from November 2011 to March 2015 at two major neurosurgery services from Southern Brazil. Molecular cytogenetic analyses of the tumor were performed through fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The clinical features evaluated consisted of age, sex, tumor location, clinical symptoms, family history of cancer, type of resection and survival. The mean age of the patients was 59.3 years (ranged from 41 to 83). Most of them were males (70%). The median survival was 145 days. Chromosome 10 monosomy was detected in 52.5% of the patients, chromosome 7 polysomy in 50%, EGFR amplification in 42.5%, PTEN deletion in 35%, TP53 deletion in 22.5%, 1p deletion in 5% and 19q deletion in 7.5%. Age was shown to be a prognostic factor, and patients with lower age presented higher survival (p = 0.042). TP53 and PTEN deletions had a negative impact on survival (p = 0.011 and p = 0.037, respectively). Our data suggest that TP53 and PTEN deletions may be associated with a poorer prognosis. These findings may have importance over prognosis determination and choice of the therapy to be administered.

Occurrence of peritumoral brain edema (PBE) in meningiomas has been associated with several factors in recent years, although its pathophysiological mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the presence / degree of PBE and factors such as gender, age, size and histological subtype of tumor. We analyzed the MRI images of 74 patients operated on Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de Porto Alegre for the presence / degree of PBE and data was statistically correlated with the parameters of the patient. PBE was present in 70.1% of patients. Tumors with higher volume had more PBE. Tumors of the olfactory groove showed more PBE than sphenoid wing and parassagittal tumors. Transitional subtype showed more PBE than fibroblastic and meningothelial subtypes. Key words: brain edema, meningioma, peritumoral brain edema.Edema peritumoral em meningiomas intracranianos rEsumo A presença de edema cerebral peritumoral (ECP) em meningiomas tem sido associada a diversos fatores nos últimos anos, embora o seu mecanismo fisiopatológico ainda não tenha sido inteiramente elucidado. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a correlação entre a presença/grau de ECP e fatores como sexo, idade, volume e subtipo histológico do tumor. Foram analisadas imagens de RM de 74 pacientes operados no Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de Porto Alegre quanto à presença/grau de ECP e os dados correlacionados estatisticamente com os parâmetros do paciente. ECP estava presente em 70,1% dos pacientes. Tumores com maior volume apresentaram mais ECP. Tumores da goteira olfatória apresentaram mais ECP que os da asa do esfenóide e que os parassagitais. Meningiomas transicionais apresentaram mais ECP que os fibroblásticos e que os meningoteliais. Palavras-chave: edema encefálico, meningioma, edema cerebral peritumoral.

Vasospasm remains an extremely serious complication that affects patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The current therapeutic armamentarium is still insufficient in many cases, and the search for new therapies is necessary. In this study, we evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cerebral arterial vasospasm using an experimental model. Twenty-four wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: and [4] SAH+Placebo. The experimental model employed double subarachnoid injections of autologous blood. The proposed dose of NAC was 250 mg/kg intraperitoneally per day. We analyzed the inner area of the basilar artery to assess the action of NAC. The experimental model proved to be very adequate, with a mortality rate of 4%. The inner area of the basilar artery in the SAH group showed significant difference to the control group (p=0.009). The use of NAC significantly reduced vasospasm as compared to the untreated group (p=0.048) and established no significant difference to the control group (p=0.098). There was no significant improvement with the administration of placebo (p=0.97). The model of the dual hemorrhage proved to be very useful for vasospasm simulation, with overall low mortality. The administration of NAC significantly reduced vasospasm resulting from SAH, and may represent a new therapeutic alternative. Key words: subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasospasm, N-acetylcysteine.Efeito da N-acetilcisteína sobre o vasoespasmo na hemorragia subaracnóidea RESUMO O vasoespasmo arterial encefálico continua sendo uma complicação extremamente grave que acomete pacientes com hemorragia subaracnóidea (HSA) por ruptura de aneurismas. O arsenal terapêutico atual ainda, em muitos casos, é insuficiente e a busca de novas alternativas terapêuticas torna-se necessária. Neste estudo, avaliamos a ação da N-acetilcisteína (NAC) sobre o vasoespasmo arterial encefálico em um modelo experimental. Foram utilizados 24 ratos wistar divididos em 4 grupos:HSA+Placebo. O modelo experimental utilizado foi o da dupla injeção subaracnóidea de sangue autólogo. A dose proposta da NAC foi de 250 mg/kg/dia por via intraperitoneal. Foi analisada a área interna da artéria basilar para avaliação da ação da NAC. O modelo experimental mostrou-se excelente com mortalidade de 4%. A mensuração da área interna da artéria basilar do grupo HSA demonstrou diminuição significativa em relação ao grupo controle (p=0,009). A administração da NAC reduziu significativamente

Background: The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical profile of patients with anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms and examine potential correlations between clinical findings, aneurysm morphology, and outcome. Methods: A review of medical records and diagnostic neuroimaging reports of patients treated at a neurosurgical service in Porto Alegre, Brazil, between August 2008 and January 2015 was performed. Results: During the period, 100 patients underwent surgery for ACoA aneurysms. Fifteen had unruptured aneurysms and 85 had ruptured aneurysms. Ruptured aneurysms had a higher aspect ratio than unruptured ones (2.37 ± 0.71 vs. 1.93 ± 0.51, P = 0.02). Intraoperative rupture occurred in 3%, and temporary clipping was performed in 15%. Clinical vasospasm occurred in 43 patients with ruptured aneurysms (50.6%). Overall, mortality was 26%; 25 patients in the ruptured group (29.4%) and one in the unruptured group (6%). The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was favorable (GOS 4 or 5) in 54% of patients, significantly more so in those with unruptured aneurysms (P = 0.01). In patients with ruptured aneurysms, mortality was associated with preoperative Hunt and Hess (HH) score (P < 0.001), hydrocephalus (P < 0.001), and clinical complications (P < 0.001). Unfavorable outcomes were associated with HH score (P < 0.001), Fisher grade (P = 0.015), clinical vasospasm (P = 0.012), external ventricular drain (P = 0.015), hydrocephalus (P < 0.001), and presence of clinical complications (P = 0.001). In patients with unruptured aneurysms, presence of clinical complications was the only factor associated with mortality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite advances in the management of subarachnoid hemorrhage and surgical treatment of aneurysms, mortality is still high, especially due to clinical complications.

We investigated 113 adult Brazilian patients with glioblastoma (GBM) for comparison with patients from distinct geographical areas and evaluation of suitability for novel targeted therapies. Patients were assessed for clinical features and tumor genomic characteristics such as ROS1 and NTRK1 rearrangements, KIT, PDGFRA, and KDR amplification, and RB1 deletion using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. The majority of patients were male (53%), over 40 years (94%), with tumor located in single site (64%), in the right cerebral hemisphere (60%), and underwent partial resection (71%); 14% presented complications after surgery. The main clinical sign at diagnosis was focal abnormality (57%); frontal (31%); and temporal (20%) regions were most commonly affected. Median hospitalization time was 20 days, median survival was 175 days. One tumor was positive for rearrangement in NTRK1 and another in ROS1 (0.9% each). PDGFRA was amplified in 20% of cases, often co-amplified with KDR (&gt;90%) and KIT (&gt;60%). RB1 was deleted in 16% of patients. There was no association between these molecular abnormalities and patient survival. However, older age, complications after surgery, and right-sided tumors were independent variables associated with patient survival. This study contributes information on the molecular profile of glioblastomas in Latin America possibly supporting new target therapies.