RESUMONeste trabalho a composição bromatológica da palma foi avaliada aos 620 dias após o plantio. O delineamento foi em blocos casualisados, 12 tratamentos e três repetições, em arranjo fatorial 3 x 4: três espaçamentos (1,00 x 0,50 m; 2,00 x 0,25 m e 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m) e quatro fertilizações (000-000-000; 000-150-000; 200-150-000 e 200-150-100) kg ha -1 de N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O, respectivamente. Os teores médios de MS, PB, FDA, NIDA MS , NT, NIDN NT , NIDA NT , (A + B1) CHTMS , (B1 + B2) PB , B3 PB , diferiram (P < 0,05) para as adubações independentemente dos espaçamentos. Teores médios de MO e MM diferiram entre os espaçamentos, independentemente das adubações. CHT variaram com as adubações e espaçamentos, de forma independente. EE, FDN, FDNcp, CEL, LIG, CIDN, carboidratos não fibrosos (A + B1), fibra disponível (B2) e fibra indisponível (C), não diferiram entre os fatores espaçamentos e adubações. Teores médios de HEM, NIDN MS , A NNP e produção de matéria seca, foram dependentes das interações (P < 0,05) entre as adubações e espaçamentos. A adição de NPK e NP melhorou a qualidade bromatológica da palma e no espaçamento 1,00 x 0,50 m esses elementos aumentaram a produção de matéria seca. Mean levels of OM and MM differed between spacings regardless of fertilization. CHT varied with fertilization and spacing independently. EE, NDF, NDF AP , CEL, LIG, CIDN, non-fiber carbohydrates, available fiber and fiber unavailable (C) did not differ between the factors spacing and fertilization. Mean levels of HEM, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen as a percentage of dry matter (NDIN) DM , and dry matter production were dependent on interactions (P < 0.05) between fertilization and spacings. Addition of NP and NPK improve the bromatological quality of the palm and 1.00 x 0.50 m spacing increases the dry matter production. Palavras
Context Among the by-products derived from oilseeds, palm kernel cake (PKC) contains high concentrations of protein, fat, and fibre, which allows some flexibility in the use of this ingredient in ruminant diets. Aim This study examined the effects of including palm kernel cake (PKC) in high-grain diets for cull cows on production performance, carcass traits, and meat fatty acid profile. Methods Thirty-six ½ Girolando cows at 83 ± 5 months of age, with an average liveweight of 384.88 kg ± 59.18, were confined in collective stalls for 90 days. The animals were distributed into the following four diet groups: 0% (control), 8%, 16%, or 24% inclusion of PKC in the diet dry matter (DM). Key results On the basis of regression analysis, the highest slaughter weight and carcass weight were at PKC inclusion levels of 11.5% and 10.3% respectively. Backfat thickness was greatest (8.8 mm, P < 0.01) in the carcasses of cows fed the diet with 15.1% PKC (on the basis of regression analysis), whereas the total lipid content in the meat decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with PKC inclusion. The C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1, C17:1, C18:0, C18:2n6t, and C20:5n3 fatty acids in the longissimus thoracis muscle responded quadratically (P < 0.05) to the inclusion of PKC. The highest concentration of desirable fatty acids was obtained with the inclusion of 11% PKC in the diet (on the basis of regression analysis). There was a linear increase in C14:1, C20:2, and C22:2 fatty acids and Δ9 desaturase 14 and 16 activity indices in the muscle of cows fed PKC. Conclusion We recommend the inclusion of 10% PKC in the diet of cull cows fed high-grain diets. Intramuscular fatty-acid proportions were appreciably different from those reported for young B. taurus steers and heifers finished on high-concentrate diets. Implications Therefore, inclusion of PKC is an excellent alternative to reduce production costs, having the availability and quality of the product as a limiting factor, since PKC is an industrial by-product.
Agro-industrial by-products are a great option for ruminant feeding. Alternative feedstuffs in ruminant diets are important to increase diets and reduce production costs. The present study evaluated different levels of palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) kernel cake inclusion in diets for feedlot-finished cull cows and their implications on the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients, as well as animal performance. The experiment was carried out in Ribeirão do Largo, Bahía, Brazil. Thirty-six Holstein × Zebu crossbred cows were assigned to four treatments at the rate of nine cows per treatment. The animals were fed sugarcane bagasse (roughage 15%) and concentrate (85%). The treatments were no addition of palm kernel cake, 8%, 16%, or 24% palm kernel cake inclusion in the total DM diet. Palm kernel cake inclusion influenced DM and nutrient intakes, which responded quadratically. The digestibility of DM, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein showed a quadratic response and maximum digestibility at 1.67%, 5.24%, and 3.68% cake inclusion levels, respectively; values decreased thereafter. The total digestible nutrients decreased linearly based on cake inclusion levels. Treatments affected final body weight, mean daily gain, and feed conversion, which showed a quadratic response to increasing levels of the by-product in the diet and maximum values were at 11.98%, 13.07%, and 16.32% inclusion, respectively. Palm kernel cake is a viable alternative ingredient for animal biological efficiency. The 16% inclusion level in the total DM diet was the most appropriate for the finishing of cull cows in the feedlot.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.