RESUMO.Neste artigo apresenta-se um modelo que visa facilitar a visualização do conhecimento armazenado em repositórios digitais usando arquétipos visuais. Os arquétipos são estruturas que contêm representações visuais do mundo real que a priori são conhecidas pelo grupo-alvo, e possuem estruturas semânticas que permitem identificar os conceitos do domínio representados em cada região. O modelo proposto apoia-se no framework para visualização do conhecimento proposto por Burkhard e descreve as interações dos usuários com os arquétipos visuais. O usuário por meio dos arquétipos pode recuperar e visualizar o conhecimento relacionado aos conceitos representados nas imagens dos arquétipos. Um protótipo foi desenvolvido para demonstrar a viabilidade do modelo usando arquétipos no domínio da anatomia, a Foundational Model of Anatomy e a Unified Medical Language System como conhecimento do domínio e o banco de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online como repositório de documento. O uso das representações visuais nos arquétipos facilita a divulgação do conhecimento já que ao fazer parte da visão do mundo dos usuários, podem facilmente ser associadas a conhecimentos prévios. As representações visuais são processadas rapidamente no cérebro requerendo menos esforço que o processamento de informação textual.Palavras-chave: visualização do conhecimento, recuperação do conhecimento, anotação semântica, ontologia. A model for knowledge visualization based on visual archetypesABSTRACT. This paper presents a model that aims to facilitate the visualization of the knowledge stored in digital repositories using visual archetypes. Archetypes are structures that contain visual representations of the real world that are known a priori by the target group, and which have semantic structures for identifying the entities of the domain represented in each region. The proposed model is supported by the framework for knowledge visualization proposed by Burkhard and describes the users' interactions with visual archetypes. The user through the archetypes can retrieve and view the knowledge related to the entities represented in the archetypes' images. A prototype was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the model using archetypes in the biomedical field, the Foundational Model of Anatomy and the Unified Medical Language System as domain knowledge and the Scientific Electronic Library Online database as a document repository. The use of visual representations in archetypes facilitates the dissemination of knowledge, because these are part of the world view of users and can easily be related with prior knowledge. Visual representations are processed quickly in the brain and require less effort than the processing of textual information.
The information requirement in the health area and the increase difficult for knowledge retrieval inside this domain, demands the existence of tools to support the processing of large amount of existing texts in the information repositories sources. Addressing this problem this work introduces an architecture aiming to support knowledge retrieval process from databases using annotated images in the anatomical domain. The architecture was implemented using five layers (the domain ontology, the annotation, the support, the retrieval and visualization layers) based on the Foundational Model of Anatomy and the Unified Medical Language System, reference ontologies in the biomedical domain. This architecture improves substantially the knowledge retrieval due to the use of images that link its regions with concepts of biomedical ontologies. The architecture proposed can be generalized and applied in other domains employing other reference ontologies.
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