A Multidisciplinary Research Programme (MRP) is being developed since 1989 in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain, to support cross-disciplinary research projects. This paper analyses the incidence of interdisciplinarity in the UCM scientific publications over the period 1990-96 and tries to determine the success of the Programme at fostering cross-disciplinary research. Interdisciplinary in the UCM is measured through the collaboration of authors from different institutional addresses within the UCM, both in scientific publications and in research projects. Publications jointly signed by the different teams that collaborate in the projects were identified as an indicator of the success of the Programme in integrating disciplines, hrterdisciplinary collaboration within the UCM showed an upward trend over time. Publications of MRP groups showed a higher interdisciplinary collaboration rate than the rest of the UCM (17% vs.9%). Dramatic repercussions of the Programme were not expected due to its limited magnitude, but it worked as a catalyst, enhancing interdisciplinary relations within the UCM. The interest of such a programme is supported by its effects, both direct effects on granted teams and indirect on the whole UCM community.
Xylella fastidiosa strain 9a5c is a gram-negative phytopathogen that is the causal agent of citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a disease that is responsible for economic losses in Brazilian agriculture. The most well-known mechanism of pathogenicity for this bacterial pathogen is xylem vessel occlusion, which results from bacterial movement and the formation of biofilms. The molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence caused by biofilm formation are unknown. Here, we provide evidence showing that virulence-associated protein D in X. fastidiosa (Xf-VapD) is a thermostable protein with ribonuclease activity. Moreover, protein expression analyses in two X. fastidiosa strains, including virulent (Xf9a5c) and nonpathogenic (XfJ1a12) strains, showed that Xf-VapD was expressed during all phases of development in both strains and that increased expression was observed in Xf9a5c during biofilm growth. This study is an important step toward characterizing and improving our understanding of the biological significance of Xf-VapD and its potential functions in the CVC pathosystem.
The development of veterinary education in Cuba has closely mirrored the political changes the nation has undergone. Veterinary studies in Cuba began in 1907, with an emphasis on clinical (individual-animal) medicine. Over time, the professional curriculum has evolved to meet the needs of the nation. Preventive medicine topics were added to the curriculum in 1959. Food-animal production was taught by a separate college until 1990. In 1991, these topics were incorporated into the professional veterinary medical curriculum, and they continue to be an area of emphasis. All veterinary colleges in Cuba follow a centrally organized, student-centered curriculum. A substantial portion of instruction is delivered at educational units, housed on livestock operations, where students participate in extensive field experiences while receiving didactic instruction. The amount of instructional time devoted to hands-on activities increases as students progress through the five-year curriculum.
La cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus), especie muy común en nuestros ríos, constituye parte importante del potencial pesquero de la zona. Esta especie presenta características adecuadas para su utilización en programas de piscicultura comercial, entre las cuales se puede citar su rápido crecimiento, resistencia al manipuleo y enfermedades. El presente estudio evaluó el rendimiento en peso, talla e indicadores económicos de la Cachama Blanca cultivada en jaulas flotantes y mediante la utilización de tres dietas: Balanceado Peletizado (1), Alimentos Alternativos (2) y Dieta Balanceada Peletizada + Alimentos Alternativos (3). La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Cantón Santa Clara, Provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador. Los indicadores productivos evaluados fueron el peso total alcanzado (g), la ganancia diaria (g) y la talla (cm). Además se realizó una valoración económica. La dieta con balanceado produjo los mejores pesos de los animales con promedio de 228,3 g y los peores con la alimentación alternativa con la cual los animales promediaron sólo 115,1 g. En correspondencia con lo anterior la mejor ganancia diaria se obtuvo en la dieta 1 (1,52 g) y la peor en la 2 (0,76 g). El tamaño promedio fue de 17,29 cm para la dieta 1 con el mejor comportamiento y de 12,74cm para la 2, con el peor. Se concluyó que las dietas utilizadas constituyen un recurso valido para la crianza de la Cachama Blanca (P. brachypomus) en nuestras condiciones, que la dieta 3 es económicamente satisfactoria y biológicamente factible, que con la dieta a base de Balanceado se logra el peso comercial y en el tiempo adecuado y que con la dieta 3 aunque no se obtuvo el peso óptimo comercial, los animales resultaron atractivos para el consumo.
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