This study aimed to investigate why futsal players decide to dribble. For this purpose, we analysed 396 trials comprising the dribbles (n = 132), passes (n = 131) or shots (n = 133), performed by 70 male futsal players. Passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance, including their rates of change (velocity and variability), were regarded as measures of interpersonal coordination tendency and a comparison was made among dribbling, passing and shooting situations. In addition, the variables identified as constraints on deciding to dribble were analysed in relation to age categories, dribbling outcomes and futsal court zone. Results revealed that passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance showed higher variability in dribbling than in passing and shooting situations. The findings allowed us to conclude that decision-making on dribbling was influenced by the variabilities of passing angles as well as shooting and interpersonal distance, and that success in dribbling was affected by the variability of interpersonal distance. Such variabilities were interpreted concerning their meaning of risk and/or uncertainty in the execution of motor skills.
The aim of this study was to investigate the volleyball setter's decisionmaking on tipping, based on spatiotemporal variables of interaction between players and between players and the game environment. The sample consisted of 172 sequences of 20 volleyball games from 6 male and 10 female teams. The actions selected for analysis were 86 tips and 86 sets (control group), both made by the setters. From the players' x and y coordinates of displacement trajectory, 37 spatiotemporal measures of players' interaction were calculated as dependent variables, which were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance. Results showed that tips and sets differed in terms of (i) final area between opponents, (ii) displacement of setter to reach the ball, (iii) displacement velocity of setter to reach the ball, (iv) distance between setter and net in the initial moment, (v) distance between setter and net in the final moment, (vi) pass velocity and (vii) final distance between setter and blockers. It was concluded that these variables formed a spatiotemporal configuration of the game that influenced the setter's decision-making on tipping.
This article considers human motor skills based on the concept of the hierarchical organisation of living systems. This concept considers apparently opposite phenomena (e.g. consistency-variability) as complementary and as contemplated in the same structure. The hierarchy in open systems is characterised by three main relativities: (a) whole and parts, (b) control and (c) variability. From a hierarchical standpoint, motor skills phenomena are structured under two levels: macro (responsible for the consistency and configuration of patterns) and micro (responsible for variability and, consequently, the flexibility of patterns). Study findings make it possible to understand how adaptations in the soccer, futsal, swimming, golf, coincident timing and graphic motor skills take place by altering the microstructure (parameterisation) or reorganising the macrostructure (self-organisation). The distinction between these two modes of adaptation allows us to consider the increase of complexity in the motor skills phenomena as a basic feature of living systems.
This study
investigated the role the dyadic interaction variability plays in influencing
decision making on passing in the sport of futsal. Participants were 40 male
students (Mage = 13.6 years, SD = 0.7) from physical
education classes of a Brazilian school. They were randomly divided into eight
teams, which played four games of 24 minutes
according to the rules of the under-14 category of the
local Futsal Federation. From the games, a sample of 80 sequences of play involving passes were randomly selected, from the
moment the ball carrier got possession of the ball until the moment he passed
it. From the x and y coordinates of all outfield players’
displacement, variability of running correlation, cross-correlation, centroid , and
interpersonal distance were calculated as measures of dyadic interaction.
Results showed that the interaction of passer and
receiver dyads were more variable than the remaining dyads. Moreover, it was
verified that the passer dyad had
the highest variability. The findings enabled us to conclude that, from the attackers’ point of
view, variability played a positive role. In addition, it appeared that the
passer sought to disrupt the interaction with his defender to perform a pass
more than his teammates did to receive it. It appears that the skills of
passing and receiving in the sport of futsal imply the
ability to vary.
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