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Within the cognitive load theory framework, we designed and compared three alternative instructional solution formats that can be derived from a common static hierarchical network representation depicting problem structure. The interactive-solution format permitted students to search in self-controlled manner for solution steps, staticsolution format displayed all solutions steps, and no-solution format did not have solution steps. When we matched instructional time across the formats, in relation to the complex molarity problems rather than the dilution problems, differential transfer performance existed between the static-solution or no-solution formats and the interactive-solution format, but not between the static-solution format and no-solution format. The manner in which learners interact with the static-solution and no-solution formats depends on their level of expertise in the chemistry domain. With considerable learner expertise, provision of solution steps may be redundant incurring extraneous cognitive load. Absence of the solution steps may not have left sufficient cognitive capacity for germane cognitive load as some beginning learners lacked the prior knowledge to deduce the solution steps. Searching for solution steps presumably incurred extraneous cognitive load which interfered with learning and hence, in the interactive-solution format, it outweighed the benefit of engaging in self-regulated interaction with the content. Hence, cognitive load theory is

Mobile learning has been expanding due to the significance growth and demand for wireless and mobile computing technologies in recent years. It offers a new paradigme shift in learning dimension that conventional classrooms may fail to offer in the teaching and learning approach. This study explores the integration of mobile learning in mathematics at the higher learning institution as research on the use of mobile learning for the teaching and learning of Mathematics appears to be limited. The study focused to examine student’s perceptions and experience of mobile learning in Mathematics classroom and also to examine the significant of mobile learning on attitude towards Mathematics. The study involved a total of 70 students at one of the technical university in Malaysia. The students reported their perceptions and the pre and post experiences through a survey questionnaire. The findings reported that the increase level of students’ learning excitement, engaging and positively able to be an independent learner after they experienced mobile learning in formal classroom setting. Hence, mobile learning does significantly increase students’ attitude toward significance of Mathematics and reduce Mathematics anxiety.

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