Intralesional verapamil may be a suitable alternative to triamcinolone in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids.

The atypical opioid analgesic tramadol has been shown to provide beneficial clinical and urodynamic effects in patients with detrusor overactivity. The effect of tramadol on isolated detrusor muscle has not been studied. This study investigated the ability of tramadol to inhibit acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractility of the isolated caprine (goat) detrusor muscle. The effect of three concentrations (30, 100 and 300 μm) of tramadol on 10 caprine detrusor strips contracted by the addition of 100, 200 or 400 μm ACh was studied. The sensitivity of tramadol-induced inhibition of ACh responses to treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (1 μm) and the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (100 μm) was also studied. Tramadol caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of ACh-induced detrusor contraction that was reversed by raising the concentration of ACh. Propranolol, but not naloxone, reversed the tramadol-induced inhibition of contractions to ACh in the detrusor. These results suggest that tramadol inhibits ACh-induced contractility of the isolated detrusor. They also suggest that tramadol does so by an indirect anticholinergic mechanism involving the stimulation of β-adrenoceptors. Tramadol may be useful in managing clinical conditions requiring relaxation of the detrusor muscle. Although the concentrations of tramadol needed to relax the detrusor were relatively high, these could be clinically attained via intravesical administration.

This study was conducted to investigate the role of endogenous tonicity responsive enhancer binding proteins (TonEBP) on normal physiology of male albino wistar rats and the possible toxic effects when this transcription factor or its transduction products are inhibited. This study was conducted on thirty six male albino rats weighing between 200-250 g, divided randomly into six groups. Rats in 1 st group were used as a control, the 2 nd group of rats received lithium chloride (3mEq/kg, O) every alternative day orally for 2 weeks. 3 rd and 4 th group of rats received a total dose of rottlerin (0.2mg/kg, I/P) and (0.5mg/kg, I/P) respectively every alternative day for 2 weeks, while 5 th and 6 th group rats received both lithium chloride and rottlerin (0.2mg/kg, I/P and 0.5mg/kg, I/P) respectively. The mean arterial pressure was analyzed followed by collection of blood and heart tissue for the estimation of various biochemical parameters such as amino acids, aldose reductase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde levels and kidney for histopathological observations. The study reveals that rottlerin induced inhibition of TonEBP causes deleterious effect on vascular as well as biochemical parameters in both the doses as there was increase in mean arterial pressure, significant reduction in osmoprotective amino acids like taurine, glutamate, phenylalanine and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in heart tissue. The histopathological observations also revealed degeneration such as mild glomerular, peritubular and blood vessel congestion, presence of inflammatory cells and deposition of colloids. These finding suggests the role of TonEBP in maintenance of normal physiology during osmotic stress in experimental animals.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of curcumin on potassium chloride (KCl) induced contraction of isolated goat uterine tissue.Methods: KCl induced contraction in the presence and absence of log doses of curcumin were obtained with the help of force transducer and student physiograph. Also, the effect of glibenclamide (K+ATP channel blocker) and methylene blue v (nitric oxide blocker) on the contractility of uterus tissue in presence of curcumin was recorded. Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for statistical analysis. The percentage inhibition of height and area under curve were calculated.Results: There was decrease in the height of KCl induced contraction in the presence of curcumin 4 µM (p value 0.046) 40 µM (p value=0.028) and 400 µM (p value=0.028). There was reduction in area under curve of KCl induced contraction in presence of curcumin 4 µM (p value=0.463) 40µM (p value=0.027) and 400 µM (p value=0.028). There was decrease in the height (p value=0.046) and significant decrease in area (p value=0.046) of KCl induced contraction in the presence of curcumin 100 µM and glibenclamide. There was decrease in height (p value=0.027) and area (p value=0.028) of KCl induced contraction in the presence of curcumin 100 µM and methylene blue.Conclusions: Curcumin causes relaxation of goat uterus. Since methylene blue and glibenclamide were not able to reverse the inhibition produced by curcumin it implies curcumin may not act via the nitric oxide pathway nor does it interact with K+ATP channels to relax the uterus.