The effect of perfluoroctylbromide (PFOB) on liver and tumor echogenicity was evaluated in rabbits. The echogenicity of the kidney, which is not affected by PFOB, was used as the basis for comparison in the liver studies. For the liver echogenicity study, sonography was performed on four rabbits, two with PFOB and two without PFOB, and four rabbits prior to and following the intravenous administration of 5 ml/kg PFOB. All livers were equal to or less echogenic than kidney in the control animals. All livers became more echogenic than kidney two days after administration of PFOB. The effect of PFOB on tumor echogenicity was evaluated in 18 rabbits with VX2 tumor implanted in the liver. Ultrasound studies of all rabbits were performed by the same physician before and two days after half the rabbits had received PFOB (5 ml/kg intravenously). The reviewers correctly identified all rabbits that received PFOB by visualization of an echogenic rim around the hepatic tumors.
A prototype high-resolution (10-MHz) real-time ultrasonic system was used to study 22 patients who were ultimately proved to have intra- and extratesticular tumors, scrotal fluid collections, and inflammatory processes. In 5 of 6 patients with primary testicular masses, there were areas of decreased echogenicity within the testis when compared with surrounding normal tissue. In general, the method was highly effective in differentiating and characterizing testicular and extratesticular processes.
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