An annually recurring virus epidemic has caused severe damage and sometimes total yield loss in crops of celeriac in the south-west of the Netherlands for several years since 1969. Celery latent virus, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus and tobacco rattle tobravirus were isolated from diseased plants, but a potyvirus was the most prevalent virus present. It did not cause local lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor or C. quinoa and did not infect other non-Umbelliferae.The virus was identified as celery mosaic potyvirus and confirmed to be the causal agent.Field surveys from 1971 to 1977 showed a rapid increase of disease incidence in consecutive years, soon leading to near-abandonment of the crop in the original centre of cultivation and its northward translocation, gradually followed by the disease. Incidence in fields often increased from zero by the end of July, when symptoms first appeared, to 100% early during September. In 1976 final incidence was 75 to 100% in 41~ of the fields inspected. Temporary protection with aphid-proof cages showed that first infection occurred about three weeks before symptoms appear and not before the beginning of July, and that the virus may still spread after late September.When testing samples from other umbelliferous crops and wild species near infested crops, several viruses were detected but not celery mosaic virus. The virus may be introduced from yet unknown distant sources, as also suggested by the pattern of spread in crops of celeriac.Celeriac cultivars differ considerably in resistance to the virus, but resistant cultivars generally are of poorer quality for consumption and processing than the original highly sensitive cultivar. In recent years cultivation has recovered considerably with the advent of new cultivars.
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