Surface acoustic wave (SAW) radio transponders make it possible to read identification codes or measurement values from a remote location. The decisive advantage of these SAW transponders lies in their passive operation (i.e., no power-supply), and in the possibility of wireless installation at particularly inaccessible locations. The passive SAW transponders are maintenance free. Identification marks respond to an interrogation signal with their nonchanging identification pattern. In wireless SAW sensors the physical or chemical properties to be detected change the propagation characteristics of the SAW. SAW radio transponders are advantageously placed on moving or rotating parts and in hazardous environments such as contaminated or high voltage areas. They also can be used for contactless measurements in high vacuum process chambers, under concrete, extreme heat, or strong radioactive radiation, where the use of conventional sensors is complicated, dangerous, or expensive. In this paper we discuss the principles of wireless passive SAW transponders and present a radio frequency interrogation unit and several passive radio SAW sensors developed for noncontact measurements of temperatures, pressures, torques, and currents.
On-site partial discharge (PD) measurement is required to ensure proper installation of extra high voltage (EHV) cable systems accessories. To achieve high sensitivity and good localization, two problems have to be overcome. First, the strong high frequency attenuation in long XLPE cables requires that the sensors be located along the cable, preferably directly at the accessories. Secondly, the detection system must be able to distinguish internal PD from other pulses. This paper describes a solution based on directional coupling sensors and a data visualization system, which displays phase-amplitude diagrams for individual PD sources which are identified by the direction of pulse propagation. It has been applied to on-site measurements, type and routine testing of HV cable joints and stress cones. Due to the reliable discrimination between internal PD from the accessory measured and from other pulses, testing can be done in unshielded rooms even using terminations with internal PCI and corona. The method works independently well on line voltage, resonance sources, oscil1,ating voltages and 0.1 Hz. cosine-square voltage. It has been used to verify the cable accessories installed in the 6.3 km long 380 kV cable system in Berlin, Germany
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