In this paper, we study the possibility of obtaining a stable flat dark energy-dominated universe in a good agreement with observations in the framework of Swiss-cheese Braneworld cosmology. Two different Brane-world cosmologies with black strings have been introduced for any cosmological constant Λ using two empirical forms of the scale factor. In both models, we have performed a fine-tuning between the brane tension and the cosmological constant so that the EoS parameter ω(t) → −1 for the current epoch where the redshift z 0. We then used these fine-tuned values to calculate and plot all parameters and energy conditions. The deceleration-acceleration cosmic transition is allowed in both models, and the jerk parameter j → 1 at late-times. Both solutions predict a future dark energy-dominated universe in which ω = −1 with no crossing to the phantom divide line. While the pressure in the first solution is always negative, the second solution predicts a better behavior of cosmic pressure where the pressure is negative only in the late-time accelerating era but positive in the early-time decelerating era. Since black strings have been proved to be unstable by some authors, this instability can actually reflect doubts on the stability of cosmological models with black strings (Swiss-cheese type brane-worlds cosmological models). For this reason, we have carefully investigated the stability through energy conditions and sound speed. Because of the presence of quadratic energy terms in Swiss-cheese type brane-world cosmology, we have tested the new nonlinear energy conditions in addition to the classical energy conditions. We have also found that constructing non-singular and cyclic solutions through certain ansatze in Swiss-cheese Brane-worlds are not possible.
For a graph G, an edge irregular total r-labelling π : V ∪ E → {1, 2, 3,. .. , r} is a labelling for edges and vertices of a graph G in such a way that the weights of any two different edges are distinct. The minimum for which G admits an edge irregular total r-labelling is called total edge irregularity strength of G, tes(G). In this paper, the exact value of total edge irregularity strength of the polar grid graph was determined. We have also determined the total edge irregularity strength for a polar grid graph.
A graph is a good way to illustrate some relations between things. But, not all relations can be illustrated by this graph. So, in this paper we will define a new type of graph, we call it a general-graph.
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