This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the influence of the number of files (full-sequence rotary-file versus reciprocating single-file systems) used during root canal preparation on the apical extrusion of debris and its biological relationship with the occurrence of symptomatic apical periodontitis. An extensive literature research was carried out in the Medline, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane databases, for relevant articles with the keyword search strategy. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently rated the quality of each study determining the level of evidence of the articles selected. The primary outcome for the meta-analysis was determined by the amount of debris extruded into the periapical tissue during root canal preparation with multiple- or single-file systems in four laboratory studies. Analysis of in vivo release of neuropeptides (SP and CGRP) after root canal preparation with single- or multiple-file systems was also carried out. Amongst the 128 articles initially found, 113 were excluded for being nonrelevant or not fulfilling the selection criteria. Another four articles were excluded after methodology evaluation. Finally, nine laboratory studies and two in vivo studies were included in the systematic review. Four of the laboratory studies were further included for meta-analysis that revealed greater debris extrusion after the use of single-file techniques when compared to multiple-file systems. Analysis of in vivo neuropeptide expression in the periodontal ligament suggests that the design of the instrument is more important than the number of files used. Both rotary and reciprocating single-file systems generate apical extrusion of debris in laboratory studies, or expression of neuropeptides in vivo. Available evidence is limited, but supports the fact that this inflammatory reaction is not influenced by the number of files but the type of movement and the instrument design.

RESUMENObjetivo: Identificar en las unidades académicas miembros de la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades y Escuelas de Enfermería (ACOFAEN), la situación en el componente de investigación, sus fortalezas y necesidades académicas. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo realizado entre 2010 y 2011, universo 30 unidades académicas de enfermería de Colombia, de las que 27 respondieron el instrumento, constituyéndose finalmente en la población del estudio. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta diagnóstica autodiligenciada con 123 preguntas, de las cuales 27 correspondían a investigación. La información fue procesada en el programa SPSS versión 11,5; se realizó distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: La investigación es transversal en el currícu-lo; el 51% de las publicaciones se encontraban en revistas nacionales, un 20% en revistas internacionales. Como líneas temáticas prioritarias se destacan: cuidado por ciclo vital y por áreas temáticas, epidemiología, salud colectiva, epistemología, gestión y gerencia. Como necesidades investigativas: fortalecimiento de competencias por enfoques de investigación y apropiación de metodologías basadas en la evidencia, la Teoría fundada para el abordaje cualitativo. Las prioridades nacionales en investigación fueron: investigación por ciclo vital, por campos de acción, por áreas de desempeño, en problemas prioritarios, investigación en determinantes sociales de la salud, objetivos del milenio, interdisciplinariedad, estrategias de difusión, visibilidad de la producción, nuevos métodos de investigación, más allá de la descripción. Conclusiones: La discusión y el abordaje de la investigación es un elemento que debe integrarse a los currículos; para que la investigación pueda ser un eje articulador en la formación de profesionales de enfermería debe responder a las necesidades de la población y del país. ABSTRACTObjective: To identify in ACOFAEN academic units members, the situation in research component, the strengths and academic needs. Method: A descriptive study was conducted between 2010 and 2011. 27 academic nursing units from Colombia were included. The instrument used was a diagnostic survey self-served out; 123 questions in total of which 27 corresponded to research. The information was processed using SPSS version 11.5; it was done an absolute and relative frequency distribution. Results: Research is transversal in the curriculum, 51% of the publications were in national journals, 20% in international journals. As subject areas include: care for life cycle and by subject, epidemiology, collective health, epistemology, administration and management. As research needs: building skills for research approaches and appropriation of evidence-based methodologies, grounded theory for qualitative approach. The national research priorities were: research for life cycle for action areas, for performance areas in priority problems, research in social determinants of health, millennium development goals, interdisciplinary, dissemination strategies, producti...