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This paper deals with the sizing of a simple but efficient grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system to minimize the difference between the electrical energy generated by the GCPV system and the required energy. It provides a technical sizing procedure based on an iterative approach for meeting specific amount of GWh output required by a future PV system considered for Kuwait. The iterative sizing algorithm has been implemented to determine the configuration of the PV array, actual rated output power with its relative energy, area of the array and efficiency of the system using an existing PV module and inverter database. Consequently the size of the array has been estimated based on a particular PV module and inverter combination. Optimum inverter-to-PV array sizing factor for a gridconnected PV system was determined in terms of the total system output.

This paper focuses on achieving traceability of high voltage measurements up to 200 kV at the Egyptian National Institute of Standards. The measurement system consists of an AC/DC voltmeter and a universal resistive/capacitive high voltage divider. The voltmeter shows measured voltage values based on the scale factor of the voltage divider. The divider ensures a stable capacitance for AC voltage measurements and an additional resistive parallel path for DC voltage measurements. Both the divider and the voltmeter are calibrated in AC and DC modes. All uncertainty components are taken into account to obtain measured values with an acceptable accuracy. The calibration results in traceability to the national standards, which make measurements using the international system of units. The proposed calibration method is useful for the theory and practice of high voltage measurements in education, industrial applications, and electrical metrology studies.