ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of body condition score (BCS) at calving on the metabolic status of female Murrah buffaloes in the transition period.MethodsThirty-seven pregnant buffaloes (multiparous) were selected and monitored during the transition period based on their body condition score and on the estimated calving date. Two groups were formed: i) buffaloes with a BCS>3.5 (n = 17); this group was classified and named ‘high BCS at calving’ (HBCS); and ii) buffaloes with a BCS≤3.5 (n = 20); this group was classified and named ‘low BCS at calving’ (LBCS). All animals were monitored during the last 30 days of pregnancy and the first 70 days post-calving and kept in the same environment and under the same feeding and management conditions. Mean values for BCS at calving were 2.98±0.9 (mean±standard error of the mean [SEM]) and 4.21±0.9 (mean±SEM) for the HBCS and LBCS groups, respectively.ResultsThe HBCS group showed higher milk fat content (p = 0.007) and milk fat yield (p = 0.027) and a higher concentration of milk urea nitrogen (p = 0.001) than LBCS buffaloes, which in turn had a lower urine pH value (p = 0.033) than HBCS buffaloes in the pre-calving period (7.86 for HBCS vs 7.76 for LBCS). The HBCS animals had a higher concentration of erythrocytes (p = 0.001) and hematocrit (p = 0.012) post-calving and a higher hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.004) pre-calving.ConclusionBuffaloes during the transition period exhibited some variations in the oxidative stress related to their metabolic status. After calving, buffaloes with a high BCS at calving and greater lipid mobilization have a more marked alteration in oxidative status, but improved production performance.
Analysis of 47 renal biopsies performed on adult patients with nephrotic syndrome in Bahia, Brazil, shows a peculiar distribution of the histologic types with a preponderance of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The possibility of a regional influence is discussed, particularly with regard to Schistosoma mansoni infection which is endemic in this area and probably an important cause of glomerulopathy.
Malignant hypertension was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by a complete aortic ligation above the left renal artery. The effects of saline (0.9% NaCl) administration on the development and course of the malignant hypertensive vascular disease were studied and the treated rats were compared to non-saline-treated animals and to sham-operated controls in the early and chronic phases of the disease. In the early phase, blood pressure, hematocrit, body weight, and hypertensive vascular disease were characteristic of the malignant hypertensive process and were without significant difference in saline- and non-saline-treated animals. In contrast, the sham-operated rats remained normotensive and did not present abnormal histological findings. Plasma renin activity although decreased in the hypertensive saline-treated animals was not suppressed. In the chronic phase, NaCl administration caused an average increase of 40 g body weight during the 1-wk period this solution was given, but did not result in any improvement in blood pressure levels and vascular disease in treated rats compared to non-saline-treated animals.
SUMMARY Malignant hypertension was induced in rats by aortic ligation above the left renal artery. After 7-and 28-day periods of hypertension, the characteristics of the vascular disease were studied and the kidney below the aortic ligation was removed. The blood pressure and the vascular disease were reexamined at the end of the first and fourth weeks after nephrectomy. The evolution of the vascular disease was assessed in the contralateral kidney, in the heart, and in the superior mesentery. The results obtained allowed the following conclusions: 1) when the predominant lesions are of fibrinoid necrosis and moderate intimal hyperplasia without fibromucoid changes (initial phase), the hypertension and the hypertensive vascular disease are completely reversible after the nephrectomy; 2) when the predominant lesions are proliferative endarteritis with fibromucoid changes (chronic phase), neither the hypertension nor the vascular disease are reversible after the left nephrectomy and during the period of follow-up. Therefore, the type of vascular lesion seems to be one important determinant of the reversibility of the hypertensive process after nephrectomy.
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