RESUMO Considerando que os principais sinais clínicos observados na intoxicação por
Pesq. Vet. Bras. 32(2):126-130, fevereiro 2012 126 RESUMO.-Indigofera suffruticosa é uma planta invasora, que causa anemia hemolítica com hemoglobinúria em bovinos e, experimentalmente, anemia sem hemoglobinúria em cobaios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a toxicidade de I. suffruticosa para caprinos e ovinos. Partes aéreas da planta foram administradas a seis caprinos e quatro ovinos em doses diárias de 10, 20 e 40g por kg de peso vivo, durante períodos de 2 a 24 dias. Foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos (hematócrito, níveis de hemoglobina e contagem de hemácias) e foi coletada urina para urinálise e observação de variações na colora- Indigofera suffruticosa is a weed, which causes hemolytic anemia and hemoglobinuria in cattle and, experimentally, anemia without hemoglobinuria in guinea pigs. With the objective to determinate the toxicity of I. suffruticosa to sheep and goats aerial parts of the plant were administrated to six goats and four sheep at daily doses of 10, 20 and 40g of fresh plant per kg body weight, during two to 24 days. Blood samples were collected daily for the determination of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentrations, and red blood cells count. Urine was also collected daily for urine examination and observation of color changes. Osmotic fragility and blood concentrations of hemoglobin and methemoglobin were determined in one goat and one sheep. Anemia due to extravascular hemolysis, without hemoglobinuria, was observed in the experimental sheep and goats. Heinz bodies were observed in brilliant cresyl blue stained blood smears. There was total or partial recovery of the anemia in spite of the continued plant administration. Eight to 12 hours after collection a bluish pigment was observed in the urine. It is suggested that aniline is the toxic compound of I. suffruticosa responsible for the hemolysis. ção. Em um caprino e um ovino foram realizados os testes de fragilidade osmótica, determinação de hemoglobina e metemoglobina e pesquisa de corpúsculos de Heinz. Foi comprovado que em caprinos e ovinos, I. suffruticosa causa anemia hemolítica sem hemoglobinúria com formação de corpúsculos de Heinz. Os animais recuperaram-se da anemia, total ou parcialmente, mesmo com a continuidade da administração da planta. Oito a 12 horas após a coleta observa-se pigmento azulado na urina. Sugere-se que o pigmento seja anilina ou algum metabolito dessa substân-cia e que a anilina seja o princípio ativo responsável pela hemólise causada por I. suffruticosa. TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Anemia, anemia hemolítica, hemólise extravascular, intoxicação por planta, plantas tóxicas. Intoxicação experimental por
RESUMO.-Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar os possíveis efeitos teratogênicos de Prosopis juliflora, verificar se existe perda da toxicidade entre vagens armazenadas e recém-coletadas e determinar se existe diferença de toxicidade entre as vagens coletadas em diferentes localidades. Trinta ratas prenhes da linhagem Wistar foram separadas, aleatoriamente, em cinco grupos: um controle (G1) e quatro experimentais (G2, G3, G4 e G5). Os animais dos grupos G2 e G3 foram alimentados com ração contendo 70% de vagens de P. juliflora recém-coletadas em dois municípios diferentes. Os grupos G4 e G5 foram alimentados com ração preparada com vagens das mesmas procedências, porém armazenadas por um período de 6 meses. O grupo controle recebeu ração sem vagens de P. juliflora. No grupo controle o número de malformações por ninhada (1,16 ± 0,98) foi significativamente menor do que os dos grupos experimentais (14,00 ± 2,96, 6,16 ± 2,22, 7,66 ± 2,94 e 4,66 ± 1,63 para os grupos G2, G3, G4 e G5, respectivamente) indicando que a planta é teratogênica. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na frequência de malformações e no número de fetos nascidos entre os grupos que receberam vagens de diferentes localidades. No entanto, o número de malformações nos grupos que receberam as vagens recém-colhidas (65,80 ± 21,20 a, 67,59 ± 18,10 a), foi significativamente maior que o observado nas ratas que receberam as vagens após o armazenamento (35,74±10,10b, 21,85±5,13c) The objective of this study was to determine the possible teratogenic effects of Prosopis juliflora, check if there is a loss in toxicity between pods stored and newly collected and determine whether there are differences in toxicity between the pods collected in different localities. Thirty pregnant female Wistar rats were randomly separated into five groups: a control (G1) and four experimental (G2, G3, G4 and G5), each with six animals. The animals in groups G2 and G3 were fed diets containing 70% of pods of P. juliflora newly collected in two different municipalities. The groups G4 and G5 were fed beans prepared with the same origins, but stored for a period of 6 months. The control group received the same diet without pods of P. juliflora. In the control group the number of defects per litter (1.16 ± 0.98) was significantly lower than the experimental groups (14.00 ± 2.96, 6.16 ± 2.22, 7.66 ± 2.94 and 4.66 ± 1.63 for G2, G3, G4 and G5, respectively) indicating that the plant is teratogenic. No significant differences were observed in the frequency of malformations and number of fetuses born between groups receiving pods from different locations. However, the number of defects in the groups who received the freshly harvested pods was significantly different from the number observed in rats that received the beans after storage, suggesting that the teratogenic effect of the plant decreases during storage. We conclude that the pods of P. juliflora are teratogenic for Wistar rats and that the teratogenicity decreases with storage.
ResumoCallaeum (Mascagnia) psilophyllum é encontrada nas mesmas regiões que Amorimia (Mascagnia) rigida, uma planta que contêm monofluoroacetato de sódio e causa morte súbita associada ao exercício em ruminantes. Com o objetivo de determinar a toxicidade de C. psilophyllum, folhas desta planta foram administradas a coelhos e caprinos. Em coelhos, doses de 6-12 g.kg -1 de peso corporal causaram taquicardia, dispneia e midríase. Um coelho, que ingeriu 10 g.kg -1 , apresentou sinais clínicos semelhantes aos causados por A. rigida em coelhos. Em caprinos, quatro animais apresentaram diarreia após a ingestão de folhas verdes ou secas da planta. Três caprinos morreram e um se recuperou. Os resultados em coelhos sugerem que C. psilophyllum contêm fluoroacetato. No entanto, os sinais clínicos em caprinos sugerem que C. psilophyllum contêm outra substância responsável pelos sinais digestivos. Palavras-chave: Plantas tóxicas, Amorimia, Mascagnia, monofluoroacetato, diarreia Abstract Callaeum (Mascagnia) psilophyllum is found in the same regions than Amorimia (Mascagnia) rigida, a sodium monofluoroacetate containing plant that cause sudden death associated with exercise in ruminants. With the objective to determine the toxicity of C. psilophyllum, leaves of the plant were administered to rabbits and goats. In rabbits doses of 6-12 g.kg -1 body weight caused tachycardia, dyspnea, and mydriasis. One rabbit, that ingested 10 g/kg, showed clinical signs similar to those caused by A. rigida in rabbits. Four goats showed diarrhea after the ingestion of green or dry leaves of the plant. Three died and one recovered. The results in rabbits suggest that C. psilophyllum contains fluoroacetate. However, clinical signs in goats suggest that C. psilophyllum contains another substance responsible for the digestive signs.
This chapter presents the results of an experiment conducted to study the effect of an ethanolic extract of A. pyrifolium leaf on rat reproduction. From days 6-21 of pregnancy, the ethanolic extract was administrated daily by gavage at 0.06 g diluted in 2 ml of soya oil. The animals from the control group received only 2 ml of soya oil, also by gavage. There was a significant decrease in the fetal and placental weights of the experimental group compared with the control group, and a significant increase in the number of resorptions in the control group compared with experimental group. The only malformation observed in the control group was aplasia of two sternebrae in one fetus. In the experimental offspring, there were 22 different malformations, with cleft palate, scoliosis, and aplasia of one or two sternebrae the most frequent. The frequency of these four specific malformations in the treated group was significantly higher compared with the controls as determined by the Fisher test. The Mann-Whitney U test indicated a significant decrease in the number of ossification centres in the sternebrae and caudal vertebrae of the experimental offspring when compared with the controls.
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