Hunteria umbellata seeds, leaves and root are used as decoctions in Western and Southern part of Nigeria for the treatment of blood related ailments. The antidiabetic effect of Hunteria umbellata extracts (aqueous and methanol) on hematological, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in female Wistar rats was studied. The qualitative phytochemical screening of the seed extracts was determined using standard chemical methods. Twenty five Wistar rats weighing between 117 g and 170 g were shared into five groups of five animals per group for the physiological studies. All treatment groups were administered 500 mg/kg per body weight of H. umbellata extracts. Group I; normal control, Group II; negative or diabetic control, Group III; metformin + streptozotocin (STZ), Group IV; aqueous extract of H. umbellata + STZ and Group V; methanol extract of H. umbellata + STZ. Diabetes was induced with 55 mg/kg body weight STZ. Qualitative phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanol seed extracts of H. umbellata revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as saponins, phytate, oxalate, anthraquinones, cyanogenic glycoside, phenols and alkaloids were recorded highest concentrations in both extracts. The hypoglycaemic studies of methanol extract revealed significant (p<0.005) reduction on the fasting blood glucose levels of experimental animals for Group V compared to moderate reduction in Group III. Group IV recorded increase in the blood glucose levels of Wistar rats. The haematological parameters were not significant (p>0.05) for all treatment groups. Group V recorded significance (p<0.05) amount of high density lipoproteins (HDL), total cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TRIG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) while CHOL was significant (p<0.05) for Group III. The biochemical parameters were within safe limit. The methanol extract of H. umbellata possesses the potentials for the managements of blood glucose levels and other physiological and biochemical functions compared to conventional drug (Metformin).
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