Health protection has always been a primary concern for mankind. Despite its important social role, current systems for managing the health records are slow, complicated, sometimes expensive and exposed to human errors and misunderstandings. In the health sector, the Medicalchain project seems to have the potential to become a new standard for managing health records using blockchain technology as a platform. In this paper, we propose a new model consisting of a permissioned blockchain to manage and store the electronic health records (EHR) of registered patients. This system guarantees transparency and especially immutability, which are essential for secure management and storage, ensuring a system that is efficient both for doctors and patients and, hopefully, bringing about renewed trust in the public health system. Our aim is that our work may contribute to gain momentum on the application of the blockchain technology to EHR and stimulate further discussion with health institutions to fully exploit the potential of the technology.
Raman amplification is a solution for broadband wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems that require fine and reconfigurable gain tuning. However, as the fiber nonlinearity ultimately limits the performance of fiber-optic communication systems, accurate models of the nonlinear interference affecting signal propagation in the presence of multiple Raman pumps are critical for system design. In this study, we propose an extension of the time-domain nonlinear interference noise (NLIN) model for analyzing Raman-amplified polarization multiplexed WDM links. Our proposed model enables the evaluation of the NLIN power and inter-channel power transfer induced by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in systems with Raman-gain equalization. It also accounts for the evolution of the average signal power along the link, which varies from channel to channel. To compute the noise contributions efficiently, we employ a method that enables us to apply the model in three relevant pumping scenarios: co-propagating, counter-propagating, and bidirectional pumping. Using the model, we evaluate the differences in NLIN power over all the channels. Additionally, we can estimate the amplified stimulated emission power, which can be used to optimize the optical signal-to-noise ratio with respect to the input signal and pump powers.
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