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In the skin of normal and atopic individuals, the expression of E‐selecting (ELAM‐l), L‐selectin (LECAM‐l), P‐selection (CD62), CD31 (PECAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐l), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐l), and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) were compared by immunostaining of skin biopsies which were taken from normal individuals (n= 17), the healthy‐appearing skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (n = lo), and their acute (n = 5) and chronic (n = 6) skin lesions. In contrast to ELAM‐1, the expression of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 was found to be significantly increased in non lesional atopic skin in comparison to the skin of normal individuals. Moreover, in contrast to normal skin of healthy individuals, nonlesional atopic skin showed a further increase of VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and ELAM‐1 when cultured with medium alone. This suggests that certain adhesion molecules are constitutively upregulated in healthy‐appearing skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. In addition, atopic skin appears to respond to nonspecific stimuli (such as culture with medium alone) with upregulation of VCAM‐1, ICAM‐1, and ELAM‐1. It is suggested that the observed upregulation of adhesion molecules is mediated by the release of cytokines such as interleukin‐4 from cells which reside in atopic skin. The question of whether the inherent up regulation of adhesion molecules in atopic skin contributes to the development of Th2 cells, which have been found to predominate in atopic inflammation, has to be further investigated.

Adhesion molecules in atopic dermatitis: Patch tests elicited by house dust mite Jung, K.; Linse, F.; Pals, S.T.; Heller, R.; Moths, C.; Neumann, C. Published in: Contact Dermatitis DOI:10.1111/j. 1600-0536.1997.tb00190.x Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Jung, K., Linse, F., Pals, S. T., Heller, R., Moths, C., & Neumann, C. (1997). Adhesion molecules in atopic dermatitis: Patch tests elicited by house dust mite. Contact Dermatitis, 37, 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j. 1600-0536.1997.tb00190.x General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. Download date: 29 Apr 2019JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, 0022-538X/97/$04.00ϩ0 Aug. 1997, p. 6011-6019 Vol. 71, No. 8 Copyright © 1997 In acute hepatitis C virus infection, 50 to 70% of patients develop chronic disease. Considering the low rate of spontaneous viral clearance during chronic hepatitis C infection, the first few months of interaction between the patient's immune system and the viral population seem to be crucial in determining the outcome of infection. We previously reported the association between a strong and sustained CD4 ؉ T-cell response to nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) of the hepatitis C virus and a self-limited course of acute hepatitis C infection. In this study, we identify an immunodominant CD4 ؉ T-cell epitope (amino acids 1248 to 1261) that was recognized by the majority (14 of 23) of NS3-specific CD4 ؉ T-cell clones from four of five patients with acute hepatitis C infection. This epitope can be presented to CD4؉ T cells by HLA-DR4, -DR11, -DR12, -DR13, and -DR16. HLA-binding studies revealed a high binding affinity for 10 of 13 common HLA-DR alleles. Two additional CD4؉ T-cell epitopes, amino acids 1388 to 1407 and amino acids 1450 to 1469, showed a very narrow pattern of binding to individual HLA-DR alleles. Our data suggest that the NS3-specific CD4 ؉ T-cell response in acute hepatitis C infection is dominated by a single, promiscuous peptide epitope which could become a promising candidate for the development of a CD4 ؉ T-cell vaccine.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 0.3 to 1.5% and is a leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (1, 15). More than 50% of acute infections lead to chronic disease...

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