Background:Tumoural infiltration of T lymphocytes is determined by local patterns of specific chemokine expression. In this report, we examined the roles of CCL4 and CCL20 in the accumulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and determined the correlations between chemokine expressions and ESCC patients' survival.Methods:Reverse transcriptase–PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed to examine the expressions of interested genes. Flow cytometry was adopted to check the expressions of CCL4- and CCL6-specific receptors, CCR5 and CCR6, on CTLs and Treg cells. In addition, transwell assay was carried on.Results:The CCL4 expression was significantly correlated with the expression of CTL markers (CD8 and Granzyme B), whereas CCL20 was positively correlated with Treg markers (FoxP3 and IL-10). Consistently, CCR5 was found to be mainly expressed on CD8+ T lymphocytes, while CCR6 showed prevalence on Treg lymphocytes and the frequencies of CCR5+CD8+ CTLs and CCR6+ Treg cells were higher in TIL compared with PBMC. Respectively, CCL4 and CCL20 recruited CD8+ and regulatory T cells in vitro. Importantly, high levels of CCL4 in the lesions of ESCC patients predicted prolonged survival. Furthermore, CCL4high/CCL20low group demonstrated better overall survival, whereas CCL4low/CCL20low and CCL4low/CCL20high groups showed the worst overall survival.Conclusions:Our data showed that CCL4 and CCL20 recruit functionally different T lymphocyte subsets into oesophageal carcinoma, indicating CCL4 and CCL20 are potential predictors of ESCC patients' survival.
Background: Hand hygiene is a critical strategy for infection prevention in all healthcare settings. Automated electronic monitoring systems are expected to improve hand hygiene performance. Aim: To investigate the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) management system on hand hygiene compliance among medical staff in an emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted between July 1 st , 2017 and February 28 th , 2018 in a 19-bed EICU. The changes in hand hygiene compliance among 54 members of medical staff and the incidence of hospital infections were compared, counted, and analysed before and after implementing the IoT management system in the EICU that was initiated on November 1 st , 2017. Findings: After the application of the IoT management system, the hand hygiene compliance rates among the members of the medical staff before (29.5% (3347/11,338) vs 57.9% (4690/8094), P < 0.001) and after (59.9% (9915/16,556) vs 73.8% (17,194/23 286), P < 0.001) the contact with patients and surrounding environment significantly improved. However, hand hygiene compliance among three cleaning staff did not significantly improve after the application. Moreover, there was no significant difference in healthcareacquired infection rates (2.535% (9/355) vs 2.047% (7/342), P ¼ 0.667) nor in the detection rates of the four major multidrug-resistant bacteria in the EICU before and after the application of the IoT management system (P > 0.05). Conclusion:The IoT management system significantly improved hand hygiene compliance among medical staff, except cleaners, in the EICU of one provincial hospital; however, the rates of nosocomial infection did not significantly decrease. The quality of hand hygiene implementation needs to be improved.
The aim of this study was to determine the association between 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) genes with scleritis in a Chinese Han population. We recruited 432 scleritis patients and 710 healthy controls. Four tag SNPs of CTLA4 and nine tag SNPs of PTPN22 were selected using Haploview. Genotyping was performed with the Sequenom MassArray® iPLEX GOLD Assay. Genotype and allele frequency differences were analyzed by χ 2 test and Bonferroni correction. Haplotype analysis was performed to further evaluate the association of these two genes with scleritis. In this study, CTLA4/rs3087243 G allele frequency and GG genotype frequency were significantly increased in scleritis patients compared to healthy controls [corrected P-value (Pc) = 0·02, odds ratio (OR) = 1·475, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·175-1·851; Pc = 0·04, OR = 1·546, 95% CI = 1·190-2·008, respectively]. None of the tested SNPs in the PTPN22 gene showed an association with scleritis. Haplotype analysis revealed a lower frequency of a CTLA4 TCAA haplotype (order of SNPs: rs733618, rs5742909, rs231775, rs3087243) (Pc = 4·26 × 10 -3 , OR = 0·618, 95% CI = 0·540-0·858) and a higher frequency of a PTPN22 TTATACGCG haplotype (order of SNPs: rs3789604, rs150426536, rs1746853, rs1217403, rs1217406, rs3789609, rs1217414, rs3789612, rs2488457) (Pc = 2·83 × 10 -4 , OR = 1·457, 95% CI = 1·210-1·754) in scleritis patients when compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CTLA4 and PTPN22 might confer genetic susceptibility to scleritis in a Chinese Han population.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.