The approach of immediately retransferring retained embryos does not solve the problem of reduced pregnancy rates in FFA cases. It is suggested that ET should be repeated 1 day later in FFA cases in an attempt to improve pregnancy rates.
and Key wordsEjaculated, density purified, human spermatozoa were exposed to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation at two specific absorption rate levels (SAR 2.0 and 5.7 W/kg) and examined at various time points post exposure. Change in sperm mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed using flow cytometry. Sperm motility was determined by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). There was no effect of 900MHz GSM radiation on mitochondrial membrane potential. This was also the case for all kinematic parameters assessed at SAR of 2.0 W/kg. However, two kinematic parameters (VSL and BCF) were statistically significantly altered after the exposure at SAR 5.7 W/kg. Effects seen cannot be ascribed to heating, as the temperature did not increase by more than 0.3ºC. A thorough investigation at lower SAR levels is required to determine the extent of the influence of RF-EMF on human sperm motility.
A prospective randomized study was conducted to assess the prognostic value of sperm morphology in an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) programme, using strict criteria. The first group (T, teratozoospermic) included 32 couples with an isolated teratozoospermia in the male partner (morphology < 9% normal). The second group (C, control) contained 36 couples with normal semen parameters, including morphology (> 9% normal, strict criteria). In both groups, 50 IVF cycles were performed. Patients were matched for indication for IVF. There was no difference between the two groups regarding age, duration of infertility, stimulation protocol, catheter used for embryo transfer and different sperm parameters. A statistically significant difference between the T and C groups respectively was observed regarding the fertilization rate (69.2 and 79.4%, P < 0.05), pregnancy rate per cycle (12.0 and 42%, P < 0.001), the pregnancy rate per transfer (13.9 and 42.0%, P < 0.01) and per embryo transferred (6.1 and 14.8%, P < 0.05). No pregnancy occurred in the poor prognosis group (morphology < 5% normal). In cases of moderate teratozoospermia, the fertilization rate appeared normal (78.6%) but the conception rate remained low. We concluded that the use of strict criteria in the assessment of sperm morphology is useful in predicting fertilization and pregnancy rate in the human in-vitro model.
Semen samples from 183 consecutive unselected men participating in an in vitro fertilization program were retrospectively studied to determine the bacterial and fungal contamination rate before and after antibiotic treatment. To ascertain the influence of semen preparation (wash and swim-up method) on the incidence of microorganisms, semen from 102 male patients was studied before and after swimup. Antimicrobial treatment by prescription of antibiotics decreased the incidence of pathogens by 16.3% (P less than 0.0001). Semen processing was more effective by ridding 57.4% of semen samples of microbial contaminants (P less than 0.0001). When infection of culture media was observed during routine microscopy, all infected oocytes were degenerated, without evidence of fertilization or pronuclei.
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