This study investigated the effects of a 24-week combined training program (CTP) based on strength exercises and cognitive–motor tasks performed concurrently in participants with multiple sclerosis. A randomized, controlled intervention study was carried out. In total, 31 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (14 men and 17 women) were stratified and randomized into an intervention group (17 subjects) and a control group (14 subjects). The intervention group completed three weekly training sessions for 24 weeks, while the control group pursued their normal daily activities. In this program, cognitive–motor tasks were completed at once (dual tasking). A 3D photogrammetry connected to a selective attention system designed for dual tasking while walking was used. Ground reaction forces were measured using two force plates, one for sit-to-stand testing, while the other was used for static force measurement. Postural equilibrium was examined using a stabilometric plate based for Romberg test assessment. The 24-week training program for multiple sclerosis patients improved their static peak force by 11% (p < 0 .05), their rate of force development by 36% (p < 0.05), and their balance (p < 0.05). Performance in daily activities such as walking or sitting-to-standing improved significantly in multiple sclerosis participants. CTP training was effective in reducing the dual-task costs of step length (48%) and walking velocity (54%), as compared to a matched control group.

Warm-up is believed to be one of the most important factors in achieving an optimal performance in all sports. Its purpose is to promote physical capacities such as strength, endurance, flexibility, and to prepare the body for physical activity, increasing the body temperature, the speed of the neuromuscular responses and is also found to prevent tendon and ligament injuries. A specific warm-up to jump and sprinting in team sports may require a large use of energy and can be potentially harmful when it is too long or is done in haste. Sometimes the athlete might not perform a specific warm-up or he might do so in a hurry, which can also lead to an injury risk due to technical, tactical or regulative reasons.The purpose of this study is to determine whether an aerobic warm-up carried out on a cycle ergometer has an influence on the vertical jump performance.Participants included 25 football players’ males (2nd Division B, Group IV. Spanish Football League; aged 22.7 ± 3.3 years). The jump tests were performed on successive days. On the first day they were made without warm-up (T1). The next day jump tests were performed after a warm-up on a bicycle ergometer (T2). The warm-up had two phases of 5 minutes each Phase 1: Pedalling for 5 minutes at 114.8 ± 8.3 beats/min (bpm) with a medium absolute power intensity of 112.2 ± 13.2 watts (w), Phase 2: Pedalling for 5 minutes at 147.2 ± 6.7 bpm (197.5 ± 38.4 w).The Jump tests were carried out according to the following pattern: 5 free vertical jumps (J1); repeated vertical jumps during 10 seconds (J2) and repeated vertical jumps during 60 seconds (J3) with a 3 minute rest between tests. Heart rate was measured at rest and while performing.In J1, the height of the jump went from 41.9 cm ± 5.4 without warm-up to 43.9 cm ± 5.8 after pedalling; (F = 806.0; p = 0.001), the flight increased in time (492.21 ± 45.7 ms vs 508.35 ± 47.5 ms p ≤ 0.001), the contact with the ground decreased (217.4 ± 46.5 ms vs 211.2 ± 23.6 ms p ≤ 0.001) (table1) and the maximum heart rate raised 111.2 ± 22.1 bpm vs 130.0 ± 13.8 bpm (table 3). In J2 the height implies the jump went from 24.9 cm ± 5.3 to 25.0 cm ± 4.9 (F = 329.3; p < 0.001). In T3 the height show the jump went from 21.1 cm ± 4.5 to 21.3 cm ± 4.2 (F = 328.2; p < 0.001) (Table 2). The number of jumps in J2 went from 15.7 ± 1.7 to 15.6 ± 0.9 (p < 0.01) and in J3 from 97.5 ± 6.6 to 96.6 ± 7.2 (p < 0.01) (Table 2).This study proves that two phases of 5 minute warm-ups on a bicycle ergometer improves both the vertical jump performance and the heart rate throughout the process; therefore we can conclude that pedalling may be included in the protocol of warm-up in the jump sports disciplines.Abstract P-70 Table 1Mean ± SD of the variables of the jump test T1 □±SD T2 □±SD Difference mean Significance 5 Free jump (J1) Average height (cm)41.9 ± 5.443.9 ± 5.82.00.001Maximum height (cm)43.4 ± 5.645.8 ± 6.02.40.001Time of flight (ms)492.2 ± 45.7508.3 ± 47.516.10.000 Jump Test 10” (J2) Height of jump (cm)24.9 ± 5.325.1 ± 4.90.1NsTi...