The results of a study and analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of beluga females (Huso huso) during the spawning period were presented in the article. The data were obtained in the laboratory of molecular genetics and physiology of the Volga-Caspian branch of the VNIRO (CaspNIRKH) in the period 2020–2022 during the monitoring of artificial reproduction. We studied females of the V stage of gonads maturity of natural (domesticated stocks) and artificial parameters of blood in beluga females during the spawning period was calculated using descriptive statistics based on parametric and nonparametric criteria. A comparative analysis of females of domesticated stocks and broodstocks revealed an unreliable (p > 0.05) trend of excess of the studied physiological and biochemical parameters in the blood of individuals of artificial generation, with the exception of beta-lipoproteins. The established ranges of blood components characterized the heterogeneity of the functional state of spawners at the spawning stage. There was a positive correlation (p < 0.05) between cholesterol and total lipids (r = +0.56), cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins (r = +0.74), beta-lipoproteins and total lipids (r = +0.44),hemoglobin and total serum protein (r = +0.58). The recorded dynamics testified to a unidirectional regularity in the consumption of fish biochemical components for the formation of reproductive products. The results obtained are necessary to assess the “quality” of beluga spawners in order to optimize the technologies for obtaining physiologically high-grade juveniles under conditions of artificial reproduction.
The paper outlines the study of the physiological and biochemical parameters of golden mullet (Liza aurata, Risso) in the Caspian Sea. Collecting material was carried out in the western part of the Northern and Middle Caspian in September-October 2019. The female and male species were analyzed. The histomorphological investigation of the gonads of females and males indicated the completion of spawning. The morphological picture of the gonads of golden mullet of both sexes corresponded to the maturity scale of this species as applied to the Caspian region. In the blood there was determined the concentration of hemoglobin, total serum protein, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus. A valid positive correlation dependence (p < 0.05) of weight and length of females (r = 0.9340) and males (r = 0.9320) was stated. In females high correlations were recorded between the levels of total serum protein and cholesterol (r = 0.9071), total serum protein and hemoglobin (r = 0.9706), glucose and hemoglobin (r = 0.8897) with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The revealed statistical dependencies of physiological and biochemical parameters of fish blood indicated their important role in the body in optimizing the total energy costs after spawning. According to the study of males, there has been found a high (r = 0.9195) significant (p < 0.05) correlation relationship between the content of hemoglobin and cholesterol in the blood. The content of total lipids in muscles, gonads and liver of females and males of golden mullet were comparable. The levels of water-soluble protein in the muscles, liver, and gonads of fish of both sexes did not differ significantly. The obtained research results on the complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of golden mullet will significantly increase the volume of reliable information about the physiological status of the organism of the studied species of mullet in the modern ecological conditions of the Caspian Sea.
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