Laboratory and field studies were conducted to investigate the population density of Fruit stalk borer Oryctes elegans Prell in date palm orchards grown in Al-madain region about 30km south of Baghdad in 2009.The susceptibility of some date palm varieties, ( Braim, Ustaomran, Zahdi, Berhee, Khadhrawi, Khastawi, and Oueedi), to borer infestation was also tested. Results indicated that the mean density for borer larvae was 5.75 individual/tree. The Brim variety showed the highest susceptibility with an average of larvae population reached to 13 individual/tree. found in the part of the tree which was under annual management for bruning and removal of old fronds used to done during March and April. As for the adult density, results obtained by solar light trap showed that the mean number for adults catch was 29 insect /trap for the period of July to October while the highest trap catch was 37 adult /trap occurred during September. Results of the morphological studies had also indicated the presence of some differences in term of width, depth, weight of frond bases. Therefore, results of this study could be of benefit for orchards owners when applying an integrated program for controlling date palm pests.
The study was carried out at three palm orchards, each of 2.5 hectare in Al-Madain palm orchards (30 km, South Baghdad) contains the palm varieties (Prem, Osta omran, Zahdi, Berhee, Khadrawi, Khastawi, Oueedi and Tebarzel) in 2010 season aiming to determine the population density of palm borers and to know other insect occurring in date palm orchards. Three light traps with solar energy (Magna Traps with lamps of 320-420 nm wavelength are produced by Russell IPM) were used as one trap in each orchard. The number of fruit stalk borer, Oryctes elegans and frond borer, Phonapate frontalis adults were calculated per week in each trap aiming to determine the population density of adults in the three orchards under this study. Results of using light traps (Magna Traps) indicated that the number of O. elegans adults catch per trap during the period from April to December 2010 were 254, 217 and 240 adult/trap in orchards No. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, the higher population densities were 87 ,79 and 81 adult/trap per month, respectively reported in July. Also, the study indicated that the population density of frond borer, Phonapate frontalis catch per trap during the period from April to December 2010 were 34, 58 and 54 adult/trap for orchards No. 1, 2 and 3, respectively, the higher population densities were 10, 21 and 15 adult/trap per month, respectively reported in June. Many insect groups were caught in light traps, the insect fauna composed of nineteen insect groups, 12 are coleoptera, 1 hemiptera, 1 hymenoptera, 1 homoptera, 2 dermaptera, and 2 orthoptera, the numbers of this insect were recorded per month a year round in palm orchards.
Eggs, larvae, pupa and adults of date moth Ephestia cautella were exposed to three levels ofmicrowave power 600, 800 and 1000 W at different exposure time (0,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 and 20second). The results showed that microwave had high ability to kill different stages of fig moth. Theeffect increased by increasing of microwaves power and exposure time. The percentage of eggmortality was %100 at 600 and 800 W, and exposure time. Similarly, egg mortality was alsoincreased at 1000 W in less than 12 sec. The highest motility of larvae was %90 at 600 W and%96.67 at 800 W, when the exposure time was 10 sec., while, the mortality was %100 at 1000 W and18 sec. male and female pupal mortality rates was %100 at 800 W, when the exposure times were 20and 18 sec., respectively. The ranges of lethal time of %50 and %95 ( LT 50 , LT 95 ) at 600-1000 Wwere 501-9.9 and 15.7 – 34.2 , 3.0-7.5 and 9.0-50.0and 3.2-4.8 and 7.9-39.1 for egg , larvae andpupae, respectively. However, the results showed that all adult treatments significantly affected ageaverage and emergence of adult male and female. The age of emerged males and females did notexceeded 4.267 and 5.267 days respectively, at 600 W and 6 sec. exposure. While, adult emergencestopped at 800 W and 14 and 16 sec. for male and female pupae respectively. The results of thisinvestigation indicated the affectivity of using microwaves technique and further research efforts isneeded before the feasibility microwave technique can be evaluated as alternative in stored dateschemical method using Methyl Bromide.
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