We studied all cases of assault with violence (1,639) in a Danish population of 275,000 over a one-year period. Most victims were young men. The incidence rose during evenings, nights and weekends, and assaults were often seen in or around bars and restaurants. Women accounted for 64 per cent of all victims of assault in the home. Influence of alcohol was identified in 43 per cent of all cases. The fist was the most frequent agent of assault; use of firearms was a very rare act of violence but was associated with death in three out of five cases. There were 10 deaths in all. (Am J Public Health 1985; 75:651-653.)
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical nuclear volume and ploidy level in malignant melanomas, and to analyse the heterogeneity of these two parameters among primary and corresponding secondary tumours. Unbiased stereological estimates of nuclear volume can be obtained objectively by point‐sampled intercepts. Using this approach, the volume‐weighted mean nuclear volume, nuclear v̄v, was estimated in ordinary histological sections from 34 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas and their corresponding 62 metastatic lesions. For comparison, DNA‐indices (DI) were determined by flow cytometry in adjacent sections from the same paraffin‐embedded tumours. Only a poor correlation was found between nuclear v̄v and DI (Kendall's τ=+0.21). The variability of nuclear v̄v among metastatic lesions was increased as compared to primary melanomas, whereas averaged mean values of nuclear v̄v did not differ significantly between the two types of neoplasms. Aneuploidy was not significantly associated with increased nuclear v̄v. Pronounced intra‐patient heterogeneity of nuclear v̄v was disclosed among metastases and between the primary melanoma and the metastatic lesions. Likewise, no significant association between DI of primary and metastatic melanomas was demonstrated. Heterogeneity of nuclear v̄v and DI in malignant melanomas is in agreement with the theory of polyclonality.
All cases of assaults with violence (n = 1639) from a well defined area were registered for 1 year. A positive alcolmeter test (% greater than 0.2) was registered in 488 cases (29%). A further 216 patients (13%) were found under the influence of alcohol according to a simple clinical judgement. In nine of ten manslaughter and murder cases alcohol was involved. Young men, 19-29 years of age, comprised the majority of victims. Of the episodes of violence 66% took place during the weekend. In 250 cases the alcohol concentration surpassed 1.5%. Almost 50% of the violence episoded took place in or around restaurants. Blunt violence was concerned in 73% of the episodes. Gunshot was registered in five cases, stabbings in two cases.
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