This paper first overviews possible evolved NodeB (eNB) functional splits. Then it illustrates which requirements the Radio Access Network (RAN) shall satisfy to effectively transport 5G protocol data units (PDUs) as a function of the considered functional split
International audienceIn the robotic soccer domain, many factors, such as the speed of individual robots, the effectiveness of kicks, and the choice of the appropriate attacking strategy, determine the success of a team. Consequently , soccer robots, and in particular legged ones, require fine tuning of the parameters not only for the vision processes, but also in the implementation of behaviors and basic control actions and in the strategic decisional processes. In recent years, machine learning techniques have been used to find optimal parameter sets for different behaviors. In particular, layered learning has been proposed to improve learning rate in robot learning tasks. In this paper we consider a layered learning approach for learning optimal parameters of basic control routines, behaviours and strategy selection. We compare three different methods in the different layers: genetic algorithm, Nelder-Mead, and policy gradient. Moreover, we study how to use a 3D simulator for speeding up robot learning. The results of our experimental work on AIBO robots are useful not only to state differences and similarities between different robot learning approaches used within the layered learning framework, but also to evaluate a more effective learning methodology that makes use of a simulator
In the Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG RAN), the next generation eNBs (gNBs) will be, likely, split into virtualized Central Units (CUs) and Distributed Units (DUs) interconnected by a fronthaul network. Because of the fronthaul latency and capacity requirements, optical metro ring networks are among the main candidates for supporting converged 5G and non-5G services.In this scenario, a degradation in the quality of transmission of the lightpaths connecting DU and CU can be revealed (or anticipated) based on monitoring techniques. Thus, the lightpath transmission parameters can be adapted to maintain the required bit error rate (BER). However, in specific cases, the original requested capacity between DU and CU could be not guaranteed, thus impacting the service. In this case, another DU-CU connectivity should be considered, relying to a change of the so called functional split.This study proposes a two-step recovery scheme orchestrating lightpath transmission adaptation and functional split reconfiguration to guarantee the requested connectivity in a Virtulized RAN fronthaul. Results show that for the connections that cannot be transported by the original lightpath a graceful degradation followed by a recovery is possible within tens of seconds.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.