Managed environments in the form of well watered and water stressed trials were performed to study the genetic basis of grain yield and stay green in sorghum with the objective of validating previously detected QTL. As variations in phenology and plant height may influence QTL detection for the target traits, QTL for flowering time and plant height were introduced as cofactors in QTL analyses for yield and stay green. All but one of the flowering time QTL were detected near yield and stay green QTL. Similar co-localization was observed for two plant height QTL. QTL analysis for yield, using flowering time/plant height cofactors, led to yield QTL on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8 and 10. For stay green, QTL on chromosomes 3, 4, 8 and 10 were not related to differences in flowering time/plant height. The physical positions for markers in QTL regions projected on the sorghum genome suggest that the previously detected plant height QTL, Sb-HT9-1, and Dw2, in addition to the maturity gene, Ma5, had a major confounding impact on the expression of yield and stay green QTL. Co-localization between an apparently novel stay green QTL and a yield QTL on chromosome 3 suggests there is potential for indirect selection based on stay green to improve drought tolerance in sorghum. Our QTL study was carried out with a moderately sized population and spanned a limited geographic range, but still the results strongly emphasize the necessity of corrections for phenology in QTL mapping for drought tolerance traits in sorghum.

The reactions of 22 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes to six previously identified races of the sorghum anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola, were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Races were inoculated in separate tests in the greenhouse. In the field, spreader rows of a susceptible genotype were artificially inoculated with a mixture of the six races of the pathogen. In the greenhouse tests, nine genotypes showed resistance to all six races. In the field high levels of dilatory resistance was observed in the sorghum genotypes CMSXS169 and CMSXS373.

Mixtures of races of Colletotrichum graminicola, causing sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) anthracnose and differing in their virulence range, were inoculated for five and six generations on the susceptible sorghum cultivar BR009 (Tx623), in two experiments in a greenhouse. In each generation a sample of 50 single spore isolates was obtained and inoculated on a standard differential set to determine the proportion of each race in the mixture. Isolates of the race 30A, with the narrowest virulence range, predominated over isolates of the more complex races 31B, 31C and 31E indicating the existence of differences in the survival ability among races of this pathogen.

This paper reports partial results obtained on the variability of Colletotrichum graminicola developed in response to the host diversity generated by three-line combination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genotypes. Nine sorghum lines were used in this study: CMSXS210B, CMSXS112B, CMSXS215B, CMSXS221B, CMSXS169R, CMSXS180R, CMSXS182R, CMSXS227R, and CMSXS116R. A total of 39 treatments on mixtures and pure stands of the component lines were evaluated in the field for the development of anthracnose, as a natural epidemic. Samples of the single spore isolates of the pathogen of each treatment indicated a reduction in the phenotypic diversity and an increase in the frequency of more complex races in genotype mixtures in relation to the pure stands of each genotype.

Foi objetivo deste trabalho caracterizar a população de Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn. por meio da avaliação da virulência de 289 isolados monospóricos do patógeno. Foram utilizadas como diferenciadoras 10 linhagens elites do programa de melhoramento genético de sorgo da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. Os isolados de C. sublineolum foram obtidos de folhas de sorgo provenientes de Palmeira de Goiás e Goiânia, GO, Sete Lagoas, Ipiaçu e Uberlândia, MG, e Jardinópolis, SP e designados de acordo com um sistema binário de classificação de raças. As populações foram também caracterizadas quanto à diversidade fenotípica, por meio de índices de Shannon, de Gleason e de Simpson, e de um índice de complexidade, e quanto a sua distribuição e freqüência nas seis localidades. Somente a raça 31.04 foi encontrada nos seis locais avaliados e foi a raça mais freqüente em Uberlândia, Ipiaçu e Palmeira de Goiás. A raça mais complexa, 31.31, foi a mais freqüente em Sete Lagoas e Goiânia e não foi observada somente em Palmeira de Goiás. Verificou-se que as raças mais freqüentes em cada localidade apresentaram-se, em sua maioria, bem distribuídas nas seis regiões avaliadas. O local com maior diversidade fenotípica foi Jardinópolis, de acordo com os índices de Shannon, Simpson e Gleason. O maior índice de complexidade de raças foi encontrado em Sete Lagoas e Goiânia, seguidas por Jardinópolis, Ipiaçu, Uberlândia e Palmeira de Goiás, respectivamente. Houve correlação entre os índices de Shannon e Gleason, mas não entre os índices de diversidade e de complexidade.