Patients who underwent cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma and with at least 1 risk factor for upper urinary tract recurrence should have closer followup regimens than those with nontransitional cell carcinoma or without any of these risk factors.
OBJECTIVE
To report a laparoscopic device that facilitates regional ischaemia in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Mimicking the shape of a clamp successfully applied in open PN, we developed a laparoscopic device that allows selective clamping in LPN. After obtaining transperitoneal access to the renal mass, the laparoscopic clamp was placed around the tumour 1–2 cm proximal to the line of resection. After excising the tumour, haemostasis was mainly achieved by applying a haemostyptic agent.
RESULTS
Three patients with elective indications had LPN using this novel laparoscopic clamp. The tumours were in the upper and lower pole of the kidney in one and two patients, respectively. The tumour diameter was 2.4, 2.6 and 3.2 cm, and the selective clamping time 23, 27 and 38 min. Blood loss was minimal in all three cases, with no complications after LPN. The final pathology showed a papillary and clear cell renal carcinoma in two and one patients, respectively. There were no positive margins on histological assessment.
CONCLUSION
LPN with clamping of the renal parenchyma using this novel device can be used in selected patients with peripheral tumours. Resection of the tumour in a bloodless field is possible. The main advantage is that ischaemia occurs only in the renal parenchyma next to the tumour, facilitating nephron‐sparing surgery without being pressed for time.
The data suggest that of all tested suture techniques, the horizontal mattress suture provides the best adaptation strength before the suture tears through the renal parenchyma/capsule. Furthermore, it is recommended that the kidney capsule be included in the reconstructive suture because this significantly contributes to the safety of the procedure.
Besides anatomical bypass procedures, extra-anatomical bypass variations are used for the surgical treatment of peripheral occlusive disease. We report the case of a 64-year-old patient who presented at our clinic with suspected primary bypass malposition.
Intravesical treatment with various agents is an accepted standard for treating patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; all guidelines recommend its use. Depending on the agent and the instillation schedule, a reduction in recurrence and a decrease in the progression rate can be achieved.However, many of the recommendations in the various guidelines are currently under debate. Early instillation with a chemotherapeutic agent is probably overtreatment in patients requiring further induction or maintenance therapy because it adds no further benefit. The economic aspects of early instillations are also being discussed. Recent studies question the ability of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillations to reduce the progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Furthermore, the superiority of maintenance therapies compared with induction schedules is under debate.There is a great body of evidence that the effectiveness of intravesical chemotherapy can be increased by simple measures. Reduction of BCG side effects without compromising the oncological outcome is possible.
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