Some barriers to HIV testing and counselling have been illustrated in the literature. Nevertheless, there is lack of structured information on barriers considering (i) legal, administrative and financial factors, (ii) attitudes and practices of health care providers and (iii) perception of patients. Such data is critical to improve effectiveness of HIV testing and counselling.
Figure 1 (facing page). Schematic Representation of the Review and Evaluation Process of the IARC Handbooks for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer.WHO denotes World Health Organization.
Trend data show that the numbers of new diagnoses of sexually acquired HIV infections increased by 20% in western Europe between 1995 and 2000. Gonorrhoea reports have increased in France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The Netherlands, France, Ireland, and the United Kingdom reported outbreaks of syphilis in men having sex with men, including men already infected with HIV. These preliminary data for several European countries imply that people may increasingly take sexual risks. HIV remains Europe's most important sexually transmitted infection, yet complacency over HIV prevention may have set in among individuals, populations, and some governments in western Europe
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