Field experiment using three faba bean cultivars namely Sakha 1, Sakha 4 and Giza 716 was carried out to study the efficacy of foliar spraying chelated Fe, Mn and Zn individually on vegetative growth, yield and its components, some biochemical constituents and its relation to chocolate spot disease severity caused by Botrytis fabae Sard. during two successive seasons 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 at Etay El-Baroud Agricultural Research Station Farm, El-Beheira Governorate. Sakha 1 cv. had the highest shoot dry weight and leaf area/plant in both seasons. Sakha 4 cv. was the earliest flowering and maturity in the first and second seasons, respectively. Sakha 4 cultivar had the tallest plant and the heaviest 100-seed weight in both seasons, but Giza 716 had the highest number of pods/plant, seed yield /plant and seed yield/fed. in the first season, however Sakha 4 cv. was surpassed the other cultivars in the second season. Chelated Fe, Mn and Zn foliar spray had excellent effects in increasing faba bean growth and yield compared to the fungicide Mancozeb and control treatments. Zn treatment significant increased mean values of shoot dry weight, leaf area/plant, number of branches/plant and seed yield/plant in both seasons. Also, it had the first grade in case of the plant height and seed yield/fed. in the first season, only. Fe treatment significantly increased number of pods/plant and 100-seed weight in the first season, and seed yield/fed. in the second season. Giza 716 cv. had the highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b in both seasons. Sakha 4 cv. had the highest percentage of the seed carbohydrates and protein contents. In case of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, Giza 716 cv. had the first grade. Fe significantly increased chlorophyll a in the first season and chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a + b in both seasons. Zn treatment significantly increased seeds total carbohydrates%, total protein %, leaves peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. Sakha 1 cv. had the least chocolate spot disease severity in the first season and Giza 716 in the second season. The three tested faba bean cultivars sprayed with Mancozeb reduced disease severity in both seasons followed by Fe in the first season and Zn in the second one. Data clear that there were negative association between disease severity and peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in all cases. So it could be concluded that the used micronutrients could resist the detrimental effects of Botrytis fabae on the plant growth and improve yield production.
In order to investigate six faba bean cultivars Nubaria 1, Sakha 1, Giza 716, Giza 843, Misr 1 and Giza 40 under foliar spraying with Actara insecticide (thiamethoxam), Sumi-8 fungicide (diniconazole) and thiamethoxam + diniconazole compared to control for yield and its components, some biochemicals, leaf miner (Liromiza congesta) numbers, aphid (Aphis gossypii) numbers, chocolate spot disease severity caused by Botrytis fabae Sard. and pesticides residue in green pods. The results showed that, Giza 716 cv. surpassed other cultivars in plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, seed yield/plant and seed yield/plot in both seasons. Giza 40 cv. showed the highest values for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carbohydrate %, total protein %, peroxidase activity and polyphenoloxidase activity in both seasons respectively. Faba bean plants under the Actara insecticides (thiamethoxam) recorded the highest mean values for plant height, number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, seed yield/plot and lowest aphid and leaf miner (Liromiza congesta) numbers in both seasons. While, the control treatment gave the highest mean values for chlorophyll a, total protein, peroxidase activity and polyphenol-oxidase activity in both seasons respectively. Diniconazole and thiamethoxam + diniconazole treatments showed the lowest disease severity of chocolate spot caused by Botrytis fabae. The lowest numbers of leaf miner (Liromiza congesta) in both seasons were counted in Misr 1 cv. followed by Nubaria 1 then Giza 40. In the same way, the lowest numbers of aphid were collected from Giza 40 followed by Misr 1 then Nubaria 1 in the two seasons. Also, Nubaria 1 cv. was the most resistant one to chocolate spot where it scored the lowest disease severity among all cultivars in both seasons followed by Misr 1 cv. in both seasons. With regard to residues analysis, the half-life value of thiamethoxam was 3.02, 3.59, and 2.57 days of the application with degradation rate of 0.138, 0.051 and 0.269 for pods, peels and seeds, respectively.
The present study was carried out during 2017 and 2018 seasons at the experimental farm of Agricultural Station of Etay El-Barood, EL-Behira overnorate, Egypt. Six soybeans parental genotypes and their 15 F1 were evaluated for seed yield and some of its attributes under normal irrigation conditions (irrigate every 15 days) and stress irrigation conditions (irrigate every 30 days) to select the best genotypes (parents and crosses) had high yield under water stress conditions. Also, to determine the type of gene action involving seed yield and yield components traits and the method of selection for the best crosses in segregation generations under normal and stress irrigations conditions. The results indicated that mean square for genotypes, parents, crosses, parents vs. crosses, genotypes x irrigation, parents x irrigation, F1 x irrigation and parents x F1 x irrigation were significant for all studied traits under both irrigation treatments and the combined analysis except parents vs. crosses for maturity date under normal irrigation. The two parents D89-8940 and Line162 and the two crosses D89-8940 x Line162 and Dr101 x Line162 recorded the highest seed yield/plant (g) in both irrigation treatments and the combined analysis. Our results indicated that mean square associated with general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all studied traits under normal, stress conditions and combined analysis except SCA for main root length cm under normal irrigation condition. The highly GCA/SCA ratio more than the unity was observed for all studied traits which may indicate that the largest part of the total genetic variability associated with these traits a result of additive and additive x additive. The parental genotypes D89-8940, Dr101 and Line162 seemed to be excellent combiners for seed yield/plant and most other traits under normal, stress and the combined analysis. The most desirable Ŝij effects for seed yield/plant were recorded by the cross Dr101 x Line162 flowed by Lkota x Dr101 and Dr101 x Giza21. It could be recommended to use the pedigree method to select the superior crosses for high yield in the segregation generation under both normal and drought conditions.
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