The French company Snecma Moteurs is a leading producer of high‐performance composites for operation under high mechanical stress and at high temperature, such as in jet engines, aircraft brake disks, or even rocket propulsion systems. The author presents the different families and generations of carbon‐carbon and ceramic‐matrix composites developed by Snecma, and discusses their manufacture and characteristics.
SiC-matrix composites consist of ceramic fibers embedded in a silicon carbide matrix produced by gas-, liquid-, or solid-phase routes, yielding materials that differ in matrix crystallinity, residual porosity, and thermal properties. These composites can be highly engineered in terms of the nature of the reinforcement, the interphase used to control the fiber-matrix bonding, the matrix, and the seal coating used. SiC-matrix composites are refractory ceramics displaying outstanding mechanical and thermal properties at high temperature. Their durability in oxidizing atmospheres and under load exceeds 1000 h at temperatures of up to ∼1200°C. They have been used to fabricate different components of the hot zone of jet engines with significant weight savings and an increase in performance. This article reviews the state of the art in the processing, materials design, and properties of these composites as well as their applications in advanced jet engines.
Thermostructural composites (TSC) improvement is one of the key factors to ensure future competitiveness of aeronautical and space engines. The TSC technology developed in Snecma Propulsion Solide is based on continuous fiber‐reinforced composites and carbon or ceramics matrices deposited by chemical vapor infiltration. This article presents a status of the latest improvements for cost savings of composite reinforcements (so‐called texture) and specific matrices developed to increase both durability and temperature capability of previous ceramic composites, operating in oxidative environments.
Materials improvement is one of the key factors for achieving performance levels targeted by the rocket motors and jet engines development programs. Snecma Moteurs is providing an unique experience with over 30 years of Carbon/Carbon and Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC) development as well as various engine demonstrations and materials upgrades. Various ways of introducing a refractory matrix into the refractory preforms have been explored : these processes and their combinations provide a large variety of Thermostructural Composites (TSC) whose characteristics can be tuned to comply with the aimed application needs and constraints. For long time uses, CMC performances are affected by fatigue and ageing. Mechanical or thermal fatigue, without oxidation or corrosion, is not detrimental to those composites. They can sustain millions of cycles at high stress levels. Chemical effects are of far greater importance, and may modify strongly strength and elongation at rupture. Lifetime predictions depend upon an accurate knowledge of environmental conditions, then a good set of representative tests. Powerful mechanical and thermal codes are used for optimised design analysis. At high load or elongation levels, non/linear stress/strain relationship has to be modelled. Stiffness matrix changes can be determined by simple tests, but tension/shear interaction needs more sophisticated experiments. Statistical approaches for safety factors are under development and may be of interest for future methodologies. This paper provides a status of the technology now base lined for the serial production of SEP-CARB" and SEPCARBINOX" parts for space, aeronautic and industrial applications and the progress achieved with the advanced CERASEP" opening up new perspective of service.High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites. Edited by W. Krenkel, R. Naslain, H. Schneider
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