Groundwater conditions and hydrogeochemistry in the Sombreiro-Warri Deltaic Plain deposit at the Agbarho area were described with the aid of data obtained from dug wells. Ten dug wells and two surface water locations were sampled for water quality analysis. Regional groundwater flow is from the northeast to southwest direction with local distortion resulting from sustained groundwater withdrawal in more populated areas of the town. pH in surface water range was from 4.9 to 5.4 and that of groundwater from 3.8 to 5.9. TDS in groundwater and surface water ranges were from 39.6 to 123 mg/L and 9 to 25.6 mg/L, respectively. Two hydrochemical facies, magnesium chloride and sodium chloride facies were defined in this study. The order of abundance of cations are Mg>Na+K>Ca, Na+K>Mg>Ca and Na+K>Ca>Mg and for anions is Cl>HCO3>SO4. This study indicates that the groundwater chemistry is controlled largely by precipitation. Water qualities from the dug wells and surface water are well within the SON permitted levels except faecal coliform occurring at minimal level in two wells and one of the locations on the river.

The physical (pH, Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, conductivity, water depth temperature) and bacteriological (Total coliforms, Faecal coliforms) characteristics of 22 hand-dug wells in oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria were investigated. All coliforms counts (Log(10) MPN/100 ml) varied from well to well ranging from 0 to 6.0 although faecal coliform counts were markedly lower (0-3.5 vs 1.0-6.0). When both seasons were compared, faecal coliform counts were significantly higher (t test; P < 0.05) during the wet season whereas no significant difference was observed in respect of total coliforms. Unlike the total coliforms, faecal coliform counts increased in wells close to septic tanks during the wet season. Although a declining trend was observed during the wet season, the values of the physical parameters were within WHO limits. The pH was slightly acidic (Mean +/- SD: dry season, 6.04 +/- 0.66; wet, 6.43 +/- 0.62) and may be attributed to emissions from gas flaring and petroleum refining activities, which is common in the area. While the total coliform counts reflected the unsanitary habits of the well users, the detection of faecal coliforms exceeding recommended numbers in 63% of the wells render them unfit for domestic use. The public health implication is obvious considering the increasing number of people using the wells due to the rapid urbanization of the oil-rich region.

This study is aimed at determining the influence of stabilization by percentage increase in volume of cement on Geotechnical properties of some lateritic soils obtained from two borrow pits along Agbor-Sapele road, Western Niger Delta, Nigeria. The soils are classified as A-7-6 and A-7-5 with high percentage of Fines, averaging 60.43%. These natural soil samples falls short of the Federal Ministry of Works Standard based on grain size and consistency limits. The values of 1950.91 Kg/m3 and 22.70% obtained for maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) when soil was treated at 10% by volume of cement, reveals the fact that higher unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values would be noticeable at 10% by volume addition of cement with increasing energy level of compaction, than that to be obtained at 5% by volume of addition of cement with MDD of 1933.80 Kg/m3 and OMC 22.78%. When the soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values for treated soils were considered, the reduction in soaked CBR value is minimal at 10%, with an average of 76.33% than that obtained at 5% by volume of cement with an average of 78.45%, compacted at varying energy level. In general, the study result clearly reveals that increasing cement content would result in improved strength characteristics even as permeability decreased from 6.744x10-8 mm/s to 6.129 x 10-8 mm/s across the compaction level of the stabilized soil samples.

Palynoflora analyses from Benin west -1, Anambra Basin has unfold three palynozones based on abundance, composition of palynoflora and cluster analysis. Palynozone-1 has been dated as Late Maastrichtian age and belong to the lowermost Imo Shale, palynozone-2; Middle Eocene and palynozone -3  is  dated Lutetian to Bartonian age. Sediments between   depth intervals of 2649-2560 m is marked a sequence boundary, 1650-2560 m, and 970-1190 m is delineated as high stand system tract. Shaly intervals from the depth of 1644 m, and 1234 m recorded  acme of palynoflora (Zonocostites ramonae, Monoporites annulatus, Verrucatosporites spinosus, Botryococcus braunii) and probably fingerprints a condensed section. The condensed section intervals (1644 m and 1234 m) may depict   good source rock and exploration targets.

Syenites are relatively rare within the Nigerian Basement Complex. As a result of their rarity, these rocks have been given less research attention over time and are consequently poorly understood. The syenitic rocks at Igarra were studied to ascertain their tectonic evolution using geochemistry. Sampling was carried out using the survey-type geological field mapping approach. A total of 10 samples of syenitic rocks were collected for laboratory analyses. Compositionally, the rocks are intermediate with regards to SiO2 content (58.02% – 60.58%), having Al2O3 and alkali (Na2O + K2O) compositional ranges of 15.34% – 15.52% and 8.99% – 9.7% respectively. The sampled rocks are similar and consistent in their trace and rare earth elements concentrations (the only exception being Zr with values ranging from 4 ppm to 79 ppm). The rocks are relatively enriched in Ba, K, TI, and Sr but depleted in Tc, Nb, U, Hf, Yb, Te and Ta. The syenites also show fairly high ratios of Rb/Nb and Rb/Sr with mean values of 488.627 and 0.171 respectively. As seen from the geochemical analyses, the syenites around Igarra are high-K calcalkaline, alkalic to alkalic-calcic. The rocks are peraluminous in character as shown by the bivariate plot of A/NK vs. A/CNK. Sedimentary protolith with continental crustal parent magma is inferred for these rocks. The similarity and consistency of the trends of major, trace and rare earth elements is indicative of cogenetic origin for the rocks. The geochemistry and discrimination plots for the rocks indicate geodynamic setting ranging from orogenic to post-orogenic. A volcanic arc geotectonic setting is interpreted for the Igarra syenites, with magma emplacement and evolution thought to have been initiated during the late stages of the Pan-African reactivation and continued into post-orogenic times.