Bi-ionic potentials (BIP) occur between two solutions containing ions of a different nature and separated by a membrane permeable to these ions and impermeable to ions of other sign. The theory of these potentials is reviewed. A large number of measurements is reported of BIP's from 4 different ion pairs (Ag+ + H+, Na+ + Ag+, Na+ + H+ and * We acknowledge the collaboration in the experimental part of Mr. J. v. Wijngaarden and Mr. H. H. v. d. Berg.
The chemical background of NO, abatement at the combustion of coal is described. The results so far obtained by reducing NO, emissions produced by pulverized coal combustion and those originating from the combustion of coal in fluidized bed combustors (FBCs) were analyzed. The discussion is restricted to process modification techniques. Flue gas purification is not included. The results were used to make suggestions for further reduction of NO, emissions from FBCs.
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