We observed five IMD cases due to the same switched MenB strain. The hypervirulent B:P1.5-1,10-8:F3-6:ST-11(cc11) strain, probably switched from C-cc11, is of concern due to the observed high virulence and case fatality rates. All the patients shared the same place of probable exposure. The molecular characterization of the invasive strain allowed the outbreak to be confirmed, which was then controlled through timely public health action.
Background. In recent years, numerous articles have attempted to shed light on our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of exercise-induced immunologic changes and their impact on allergy and asthma. It is known that lymphocyte subclasses, cytokines, and chemokines show modifications after exercise, but outcomes can be affected by the type of exercise as well as by its intensity and duration. Interesting data have been presented in many recent studies on mouse models, but few studies on humans have been performed to check the long-term effects of exercise over a whole championship season. Methods. This study evaluated lymphocyte subsets and their intracellular IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ production in professional football (soccer) players, at three stages of the season, to evaluate if alterations occur, particularly in relation to their allergic status. Results and Conclusion. Despite significant mid-season alterations, no significant lymphocyte subclasses count modifications, except for NKs that were significantly higher, were observed at the end. IL-2 and IL-4 producing cells showed a significant decrease (P = 0.018 and P = 0.001, but in a steady fashion for IL-4), confirming the murine data about the potential beneficial effects of aerobic exercise for allergic asthma.
Background: This study assesses attitudes towards vaccination in mothers of new-born babies and explores its association with different exposures to communication. Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires administered by means of interviews. Results: Data highlighted that 20% of mothers showed an orientation towards vaccine hesitancy. As for the reasons behind the attitude to vaccine hesitancy, data showed that concern is a common feature. As for the different exposures to communication, 49% of mothers did not remember having received or looked for any information about vaccination during pregnancy and post-partum; 25% stated they received information from several healthcare and non-healthcare sources; 26% declared having received or looked for information by means of healthcare and non-healthcare sources, as well as having taken part in a specific meeting during antenatal classes or at birth centres. The attitude towards vaccine hesitancy tends to reduce as exposure to different communication increases. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that participation in interactive meetings in small groups focused on vaccination during the prenatal course or at the birth point may act as an enabling factor contributing to a decrease in the tendency to experience vaccine hesitation.
ever users of OCP, and 20.7% were ever users of HRT. 8.9% had an aunt on the mother's side with breast cancer, 8.8% had a sister, and 7.3% had a mother. 68.2% were participating for the first time. 88.8% considered the price acceptable. Television messages and a friend were the most common methods of campaign exposure. Women who participated previously compared to those participating for the first time: were significantly more likely to be older, of higher educational levels, non-smokers, and with a family history of breast cancer. Conclusion It is essential that governments critically appraise these campaigns in order to enhance outreach, social injustice and equity among the population as well as to ensure better service delivery, capacity and quality. Introduction A point-prevalence survey of adult patients was conducted from 14 July to 16 August 2010 in the "BUSINCO" Hospital, a regional primary oncology care centre, to measure the prevalence of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs). Methods The study consisted of a first phase (30 days), conducted using a daily monitoring system ward by ward and a second phase, starting after hospital discharge and lasting 30 days. International standardised criteria and definitions for the surveillance of HAI were used (CDC). Results 394 patients were surveyed and the mean length stay was 8.5 days (extra stay of 12.5 if HAI).The most common HAIs were primary bloodstream infections (32%), in bone marrow transplantation unit due to coagulase-negative staphylococci), followed by urinary tract (27%), respiratory tract (18%) and surgical site (14%) infections. The use of antibiotics in class I operations (clean), showed that 63 patients (57%) received inappropriate prophylactic treatment. A univariate analysis (HAI vs several risk factors : length of stay, urinary catheter, mechanical ventilation, central intravenous catheter) showed a statistically significant association (p<0.005). The multiple logistic regression only showed a significant correlation between HAI and length of stays. Conclusions Data obtained from this study are representative of an individual setting and our selected activity (immunocompromised patients), necessarily leads to different results than a general hospital. Direct costs of hospitalisation have been proposed as a better method for estimating the cost of hospital-acquired infections and the questionnaire used in this study was added to the hospital discharge registry as a daily routine HAI surveillance tool. P1-76
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