Purpose. In this work, the influence of flotation reagents on the separation yield of the phosphate-carbonate system is studied. The investigation is conducted by the reverse flotation process in double stage of the phosphate ores from the Jebel Onk deposit-Algeria. Methodology. The experimental part can be divided into three aspects, a mechanical preparation of the samples, and flotation tests in the first stage followed by a double flotation and, finally, characterization of the flotation products by different physical-chemical analysis techniques. Findings. Reverse flotation double stage process was applied on two classes of phosphate ores (C1: 40–250 and C2: 250–500 m). The samples are constituted by phosphatic elements (apatite), cemented by a mixture of a great amount of dolomite with low amounts of quartz, clay and calcite. Flotation results showed that P2O5 recovery was higher for C2 compared to C1. Thus, oleic acid and double tartrate of sodium-potassium could be considered as the best reagent since the P2O5 recovery content corresponds to 29.27 and 31.25 % for C1 and C2, respectively. Compared to the oleic acid and pine oil reagent, the recoveries of P2O5 were 28.85 and 30.55 % for C1 and C2, respectively. However, when other reagents as (oleic acid phosphoric acid) and (oleic acid + diesel fuel) were used, the recovered amount of P2O5 was found to be less important, 27.80 and 27.10 % for class C1, and 30.14 and 29.15 % for C2, respectively. Originality. During this study two main axes were discussed: the first one was the influence of flotation reagents on flotation of the first and second stages, the second one was to study the effect of grain size on the flotation yields. The flotation process has been shown to be effective both in terms of depressed phosphate elements in the phosphate concentrates and in gangue floated in the flotation tailings. It can be seen that the concentrate contents of around 32 % is achieved in P2O5 with superior recoveries of 99 %. Practical value. The results of analyses carried out on the flotation products showed, in most cases, that the streams are richer in phosphate elements (fluorapatite, carbonate hydroxylapatite, carbonate fluorapatite) and a low amount of carbonates (dolomite and calcite), unlike floating, mainly made up of dolomite with a small amount of phosphated elements.
Purpose. To depollute water contaminated by phenol using the adsorption process in a batch reactor with valorization of olive pomace for the preparation of activated carbon to be used as an adsorbent. Methodology. In this present work, study on the influence of four principal parameters on the adsorption yield during the treatment of polluted water by the process of adsorption were studied, namely: the activated carbon mass, the contact time, the phenol initial concentration and the stirring speed. In addition, the process was optimized with full factorial designs using the response surface methodology by the MINITAB software. Findings. The phenol removal by adsorption on the activated carbon made from olive pomace makes it possible to achieve an adsorption efficiency of 91 % with the use of following optimal conditions: adsorbent mass of 0.48 g, a contact time of 110.80 min, a phenol concentration of 100.98 mg/L, and a stirring speed of 462.89 rpm. Contact time and adsorbent mass showed a positive effect on phenol removal efficiency. The principal effect results illustrate that all four examined factors significantly affected the phenol removal by olive pomace activated carbon with a confidence level of 95 %. Originality. The experimental data of the phenol adsorption on the olive pomace activated carbon were examined by adjustment of a second-degree polynomial model. This model is validated by a statistical method using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Numerical optimization was performed by the desirability function to identify the optimal parameters for maximum phenol recovery. Practical value. In order to highlight a process for treating waters contaminated with phenol, we have chosen the processes that are considered to be best suited, which is adsorption with the recovery of a waste such as an adsorbent, which is prepared by physical and chemical activation of olive pomace. The full factorial design applied makes it possible to show the influence of each parameter independently and their dependencies, as well as to find the optimal experimental conditions quickly which lead to the realization of this process.
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