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The effects of dehulling and micronization (infrared heating) on the nutritive value of three cultivars (Impala, Radley, and Sirius) of peas (Pisum sativum) varying in coat color for broiler chickens were studied. Dehulling increased (P < or = 0.05) protein and starch contents and decreased (P < or = 0.05) fiber content of peas. Also, the concentrations of most amino acids slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Micronization slightly changed (P > or = 0.05) the chemical composition of peas. Moisture, protein, fiber and phosphorus contents marginally decreased. The concentrations of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, isoleucine, lysine, cystine, threonine, and tyrosine decreased (P < or = 0.05), whereas that of methionine slightly increased (P > or = 0.05). Lysine concentration was decreased by 2.7%. The TMEn and average true AA availability values determined with adult cockerels were improved (P < or = 0.05) by micronization, but the availabilities of lysine were decreased by 11.3, 4.4, and 2.0% for Impala, Radley and Sirius, respectively. The decrease was significant (P < or = 0.05) for Impala and Radley but not significant for Sirius peas. Application of micronization resulted in a significant (P < or = 0.05) improvement in AMEn, apparent protein digestibility (APD), and starch digestibility. The increments ranged from 19.4 to 31.3, 8.5 to 33.6, and 12.2 to 22.3% for AMEn, APD, and starch digestibility, respectively. In contrast, dehulling had little or no effect on AMEn (3.0 and 4.9%), APD (-1.8 and -4.2%) and starch digestibility (2.0 and 1.3%) values of Impala (yellow-seeded) and Radley (green-seeded) peas but significantly (P < or = 0.05) improved the AMEn (24.1%), APD (26.8%), and starch digestibility (12.1%) values of Sirius (brown-seeded) peas. Chick performance was evaluated in a 2-wk trial. Birds fed micronized peas grew faster and had better feed conversion (P < or = 0.05) than birds fed untreated peas and the wheat-soybean control diet. Addition of lysine to the diet containing micronized peas further improved (P > or = 0.05) weight gains and feed conversion of broiler chicks. Dehulling only improved (P < or = 0.05) the performance of birds fed Sirius peas.

A total of 640 22-wk-old pullets (Shaver SX 288) housed four birds per cage in 40 experimental units (four cages per unit), were randomly assigned eight experimental diets in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisting of two grain sources (wheat and rye) two levels each of crude enzyme preparation (0 and 0.1% Roxazyme G), and added inorganic phosphorus (0 and 0.105%) were fed for five 4-wk periods. At 42 wk of age, 40 individually caged layers were fed the experimental diets with 0.3% chromic oxide (5 individual birds per treatment) to determine AMEn and available P. Plasma P and Ca were also determined. Egg production, feed intake (FI), egg weight, feed efficiency (FE), and specific gravity of eggs were significantly (P < or = 0.05) affected by the experimental periods. Hens fed wheat-based diets had higher (P < or = 0.05) tibia ash (54.3 vs 52.5%), excreta dry matter (22.0 vs 17.7%), and eggshells with > or = 1.080 specific gravity (93.5 vs 89.9%) than birds fed rye. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved AMEn (P < or = 0.01) and FE by 6.2 and 3%, respectively. Egg production increased numerically from 87.6 to 90.1%. Inorganic P supplementation significantly increased egg production (P < or = 0.01), FI, FE, and AMEn (P < or = 0.05) by 4.4, 2, 3, and 2.8%, respectively, but significantly (P < or = 0.05) decreased the proportion of eggs having a specific gravity > or = 1.080 from 92.8 to 90.6%. The enzyme and inorganic P supplementation had no effect on tibia ash content and total plasma Ca and P. Rye can be used in layer rations yielding satisfactory performance when fed with a fungal crude enzyme preparation high in pentosanase/xylanase activity.

Field peas: Chemical composition and energy and amino acid availabilities for poultry. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 293-300. Twelve pea cultivars (yellow-, green-and brown-seeded) were evaluated for chemical composition and digestibility in poultry. The evaluation involved analyses for protein, amino acids (AAs), fat, starch, dietary fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and tannins. True metabolizable energy [nitrogen corrected (TME n ) and uncorrected (TME)] and true AA bioavailability values were also determined with adult cockerels. The cultivars showed a wide range of protein (207.5-264.0 g kg -1 ) and starch (385.3-436.8 g kg -1 ) contents which were not related to the seed coat colours. The concentrations of several AAs varied among the cultivars. With the exception of arginine, the concentrations of all other essential AAs on a protein basis decreased as protein levels increased. Out of 10 essential AAs including cystine, only arginine had a positive correlation (r = 0.79) with protein content. The dietary fibre contents varied between 190.7 and 223.1 g kg -1 and the values were slightly higher in the brown-seeded cultivars. The brown-seeded cultivars contained appreciable quantities of tannins, while the yellow-and green-seeded cultivars were devoid of tannins. The cultivars were almost devoid of fat and calcium but relatively high in phosphorus. Starch and dietary fibre were negatively correlated with protein content (r = -0.78 and -0.46, respectively), and accounted for the greatest difference in protein content. The TME values ranged from 11.6 to 13.3 MJ kg -1 while the TME n values ranged from 11.0 to 12.9 MJ kg -1 . The mean availabilities of AAs ranged from a high of 89.6 to a low of 75.9%, with total sulphur AAs (cystine and methionine) having the lowest value and glutamic acid having the highest value. There was a trend (P ≤ 0.05) towards lower AA bioavailability values in the brown-seeded cultivars. It can be concluded that these cultivars varied in chemical composition, metabolizable energy content and bioavailability of AAs.Key words: Field peas, composition, digestibility, chicken, poultry Igbasan, F. A., Guenter, W. et Slominski, B. A. 1997. Pois de grande culture : composition chimique et disponibilité de l'én-ergie et des acides aminés pour la volaille. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 77: 293-300. Douze cultivars de pois à grain jaune, vert et brun ont été évalués sur la composition chimique et sur la digestibilité chez les volailles. L'évaluation comportait les analyses des teneurs en protéine, en acides aminés (AA), en matière grasse, en amidon, en fibres, en cendres, en calcium, en phosphore et en tanins. L'énergie métabolisable vraie, corrigée (EMV n ) ou non (EMV) en fonction de la concentration azotée et la biodisponibilité vraie des AA étaient également calculées sur des coqs adultes. On relevait parmi les cultivars un large écart de teneurs en protéine (207,5-264,0 g kg -1 ) et en amidon (385,3-436,8 g kg -1 ), lesquelles n'etaient aucunement reliées à la coloration du tégument. Les concentrations de plu...

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