Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae), Mas cotek, is a local medicinal plant which has been used for its health benefits including antioxidant, improving blood circulation and anti-hypertension effects. This study aims to determine the vitexin and isovitexin content in various varieties of F. deltoidea, and to study the extract's inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity as anti-hypertension marker. Five varieties were studied including F. deltoidea var deltoidea, F. deltoidea var. angustifolia, F. deltoidea var tranguensis, F. deltoidea var. Telinga Beruk, and F. deltoidea var. Tapak Itik. Five extracts were prepared; water, methanolic, ethanolic, 50% methanolic and 50% ethanolic, and ACE inhibitory effect was studied in vitro. Vitexin and isovitexin concentration was in the range 0.001-0.35% and 0.001-7.025% (w/w), respectively. The highest ACE inhibition was obtained from F. deltoidea var. Tapak Itik (FD-TI) extracts where the 50% ethanolic and 50% methanolic extracts showed the most promising results. A bivariate correlation analysis may indicate existence of relation between vitexin in FD extracts and the ACE inhibition (r = 0.58), whereas the isovitexin results do not show any relationship (r= -0.06). The median inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of the 50% ethanolic extract of FD-TI was 22±3.8µg/ml, and that of vitexin and isovitexin was 3.1±0.5µg/ml, 18.6±1.3µg/ml, respectively. Our results showed the ACE inhibitory effect is partly due to existence of vitexin but not isovitexin, and the 50% ethanolic extract of the F. deltoidea var. Tapak Itik as a possible antihypertension candidate.
Cosmos caudatus is a traditional medicinal plant from the family Compositae. It is known in Malaysia as Ulam Raja which means the king's salad. The fresh leaves are consumed as appetizer for health benefits for various ailments such as to improve blood circulation and to promote the formation of healthy bones. This study aims to develop a reverse phase HPLC method for quantification of rutin, quercitrin and quercetin as the marker compounds in fifteen different C. caudatus extracts. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification. Selectivity was confirmed based on retention time and UV-Vis spectra; linearity was in the range 0.5-500 µg/ml at R 2 =1.0; the intraday and interday precision was determined as the relative standard deviation of peak area and retention time, and was found to be 0.3±0.07% and 0.02±0.004%, respectively; percentage recovery of rutin, quercitrin and quercetin was in the range (91.63±3.1)%-(95.93±3.0)%, (80.41±1.5)%-(93.99±5.0)%, and (92.84±3.1)%-(98.05±2.6)%; the limits of detection were in the range 0.048-0.052 µg/ml, 0.144-0.157 µg/ml, 0.078-0.079 µg/ml, and the limits of quantification were 0.235-0.236 µg/ml, 0.152-0.164 µg/ml, and 0.461-0.497 µg/ml, respectively. Results showed C. caudatus contains high concentration of flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides including rutin, quercitrin, iso-quercitrin and quercetin and quercitrin being the major constituent in this plant. Hence it may be used as a reference compound for standardization of this medicinal herb. In conclusion, the method developed can be used for quantitative analysis in quality control, stability studies, pharmacokinetics, and standardization purpose.
Eurycoma longifolia Jack or Tongkat Ali (TA) is a tropical tree from the family Simaroubaceae. The plant is rich in bioactive components such as quassinoids, alkaloids, proteins, saponins and polysaccharides that contribute to its biological activities. Polysaccharides used in the food industry and in medicine have attracted much attention due to their biological activities such as immune-stimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-ageing and antioxidant activities. This study aims to characterize and evaluate the antioxidant properties of different polysaccharides in TA root. Five polysaccharide extracts were prepared using ultrasonic, hot water, acid and alkaline extraction from the root and a fractionated water extract. Preliminary chemical characterization was conducted using physicochemical methods, FTIR spectroscopy and PCA analysis. The total polysaccharide content and antioxidant activities using DPPH were also evaluated. The colours of the five polysaccharides extracted by different methods had few differences. The wavelength scan indicated the presence of proteins in the extracts. The FTIR results showed absorption bands at 1640, 1000 -1200 and 880 cm-1 for all polysaccharides. Polysaccharide concentration was in the range 46-98% (w/w). The highest antioxidant effect was obtained in the extract prepared under acidic conditions with median inhibitory concentration of 0.73 mg/ml.
Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (Lamiaceae) or Misai Kucing is a medicinal plant grown in Southeast Asia particularly Malaysia and Indonesia. The leaves of the plant have been used for treatment of a wide range of ailments including diabetes, hypertension, gout and cancer. This study aims to investigate the anti-hypertension effect of standardized ethanolic extract of O. stamineus (OS-E) using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro anti-hypertensive effect was determined based on inhibitory effect on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity as a marker for anti-hypertension. However, the in vivo antihypertensive effect was investigated after oral administration of the extract on spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). The systolic blood pressure was measured before and after 14-days treatment by the tail cuff method. Ethanolic extract of O. stamineus was standardized based on the primary and secondary metabolites using HPLC, FT-IR, UV-VIS and gravimetric methods. In vitro testing showed modest inhibition of the ACE activity by 22.1%, and the in vivo results in SHR rats showed significant reduction in the systolic blood pressure in 4 out of 6 treated rats after treatment period for 14 days. In conclusion, our preliminary results show blood pressure lowering effect of the OS-E extract which needs further investigation to explore the extract's mechanism of action.Keyword: Orthosiphon stamineus, ethanol standardized extract, Anti-hypertension in vitro, in vivo.
Centella asiatica Linn. (Umbelliferae) or Pegaga has been widely used and studied as a wound healing, memory enhancer and anti-ageing agent. This plant contains high concentration of triterpene acids and saponins. This study aims to develop a reverse phase HPLC method for quantification of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid in fifteen different samples of C. asiatica extracts. The method developed was validated at 200nm for selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and limits of detection and quantification. Selectivity was determined based on the retention time; linearity was in the range 0.2-500 µg/ml at R 2 >0.9999; the intraday and interday precision was determined as relative standard deviation of the peak area and retention time that was found to be (0.6±0.4)% and (0.6±0.3)%, respectively; the percentage recovery for madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid were in the range (95.66±3.0)%-(96.04±4.3)%, (91.77±4.7)%-(100.85±5.6)%, (98.09±5.3)%-(106.38±2.9)% and (93.83±4.9)%-(95.97±4.0)%; the limits of detection were 0.28-0.29 µg/ml, 0.85-0.88 µg/ml, 0.09-0.10 µg/ml and 0.27-0.29 µg/ml, and the limits of quantification were 0.14-0.15 µg/ml, 0.41-0.44 µg/ml, 0.19-0.22 µg/ml and 0.58-0.65 µg/ml, respectively. The reported method was successfully applied for determination of the 4 marker compounds in 15 extracts of C. asiatica, and it could be considered as an important analytical tool for quality control, stability studies, pharmacokinetics, and standardization purposes. Preliminary study showed the correlation between principal component analysis (PCA) on the FTIR spectra and the chemical constituents. The extracts that have similar functional group can be clustered together in the same position.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.