During replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV infected cells secrete infectious viral particles and large quantities of subviral particles which are assembled from surface protein without a viral genome. For the current study, the cell line of HepG2.2.15 genetically integrated with the HBV surface region was cultured as an expression system for in vitro production of hepatitis B virus subviral particles (HBVsvp) at different time for commercial purposes. Recorded Results showed that culturing and incubation of HepG2.2.15 cells over 7 days incubation period resulted in continuous secretion of HBsvp in the supernatant. ELISA's quantitative measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen reported that the highest titer of virus was day seven. Quantitative detection of HBsAg by ELISA indicated that the highest virus titer was at day seven. According to their size, subviral spherical particles recognized by a diameter of 22 nm. In conclusion, in vitro cultivation and incubation of HepG2.2.15 for secretion of HBsAg may be used in studying HBV replication thus, opening a new era for various studies from basic virology, in vitro diagnosis, to drug development against HBV genotypes.
Background One possible mechanism utilized by hepatitis C virus (HCV) to escape from the host’s innate immune surveillance is modification of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by altering or hiding its RNA which interfering with toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling and ultimately hindering the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and interferons (IFNs). This study aimed to examine the expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, and IFN-α to investigate the correlated expression pattern among them in chronic HCV patients. Patients included in this study were categorized into two different groups, non-treated chronic HCV patients and treated chronic HCV patients, in addition to healthy volunteers as a control group. The blood samples were assessed for HCVAb, HCVRNA, HCV genotypes, and different biochemical analyses. The mRNA levels of TLR3, TLR7, and IFN-α in peripheral blood of chronic HCV patients were quantitatively measured in comparison to healthy controls. Results The expression levels of TLR3, TLR7, and IFN-α were significantly downregulated in non-treated chronic HCV patients compared to both treated HCV patients and control subjects. On the other hand, treated HCV patients showed non-significant downregulation of the same three sensing receptors (TLR3, TLR7, and IFN-α) compared to control group. Obviously, the expression levels of IFN-α were positively correlated with the levels of both TLR3 and TLR7. Conclusion The exhausted innate immunity against HCV may correlate to HCV downregulation of TLR3 and TLR7 expression on innate immune cells with a subsequent decrease in INF-α production and the possibility of targeting these receptors to enhance the immune response and clear the infection needs further studies.
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